椭圆形切扇修形对波瓣混合器掺混性能影响

在保证面积不变的情况下,选取不同的长轴、短轴,对波瓣混合器进行椭圆形切扇修形,研究切口深度与宽度对波瓣混合器掺混性能的影响规律。使用商用 CFD 软件对流场进行数值模拟。结果显示,对波瓣侧壁进行切扇处理会加强流向涡的强度,切扇越深,流向涡强度越大;切扇波瓣流向涡的耗散速率要大于基准波瓣混合器的流向涡耗散速率,预示着更为高效的掺混;引射系数与切口深度成正比,而总压恢复系数与切口深度成反比。考察了两种衡量热混合效率的模型并对其信度进行了比较,发现在 x =0.4 m 之前切扇可以提高热混合效率,而在 x =0.4 m 之后,基准波瓣混合器热混合效率要大于切扇波瓣混合器。     

基于状态维修的APU涡轮热段性能评估研究

由于当前没有评估APU的涡轮效率较好的手段,以致对APU性能衰退的评估只停留在整体,对于运行控制和APU大修无法预先估计。本文阐述了一种通过观察和处理APU参数NPA的趋势和数值来判断APU涡轮效率的方法。以不同累计运行时间的APU在启动阶段参数的变化和实际案例论证了参数NPA可以表征涡轮效率的性能,通过研究NPA的发展趋势可预测APU的在翼运行状况。     

基于模糊聚类分析的步枪作战效能评估

为了评估步枪的战术效能,科学地构建步枪作战效能评估体系,运用模糊聚类分析方法对步枪作战效能进行评估,最后通过算例验证了所建模型是合理、可行的。     

感应电能传输系统损耗分析

感应电能传输(CIPT)技术,是一种新型的电能传输方式,能实现无电气连接的电能传送.松耦合变压器的引入,使得耦合系数较常规变压器低,对系统损耗准确建模成为CIPT技术的关键问题.本文通过对CIPT各个元器件的功率损耗分析,研究各个功率模块损耗之间的耦合关系.以损耗关于原边线圈电流的泰勒展开式为基础,建立CIPT系统功率损耗模型及效率模型.为验证理论分析的正确性,设计制作了一个CIPT样机,通过对不同工况进行比较实验,证明了所建磁路模型、效率模型的正确性.提出的损耗分析方法能够用来指导CIPT系统的分析与设计.     

Detonation engine fed by acetylene–oxygen mixture

The advantages of a constant volume combustion cycle as compared to constant pressure combustion in terms of thermodynamic efficiency has focused the search for advanced propulsion on detonation engines. Detonation of acetylene mixed with oxygen in various proportions is studied using mathematical modeling. Simplified kinetics of acetylene burning includes 11 reactions with 9 components. Deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) is obtained in a cylindrical tube with a section of obstacles modeling a Shchelkin spiral; the DDT takes place in this section for a wide range of initial mixture compositions. A modified ka-omega turbulence model is used to simulate flame acceleration in the Shchelkin spiral section of the system. The results of numerical simulations were compared with experiments, which had been performed in the same size detonation chamber and turbulent spiral ring section, and with theoretical data on the Chapman–Jouguet detonation parameters.     

基于一致性预处理技术的作业车间调度算法研究

为降低CSP调度算法的计算复杂度和减少搜索过程中回溯发生概率,采用一致性预处理技术来预先修剪和过滤搜索空间。仿真实验证明:两种方法的综合运用可以显著提高CSP调度算法的搜索效率,从而为CSP调度算法求解大规模作业车间调度问题提供可能。     

管理效率、技术进步与生产率增长——基于中美航空公司的比较

运用Malmquist生产率指数方法，对中美15个航空公司2000～2006年期间的全要素生产率的变化作了测算与对比。分析结果显示，2000—2006年这些公司的生产效率总体上都有所提高，中国航空公司的全要素生产率的平均增长率为4.3％，美国的平均增长率为6．1％；综合效率改善与技术进步对中美两国航空公司生产率的影响程度并不相同，美国航空公司的主要驱动因素为技术变革与创新，中国航空公司的发展动力主要为对已有技术的运用以及组织管理效率的提升。中国航空公司全要素生产率水平的提高，除继续强调综合效率的重要性之外，也要进一步加强对技术进步的重视。     

Applications of structural efficiency assessment method on structural-mechanical characteristics integrated design in aero-engines

In the design process of advanced aero-engines, it is necessary to carry out an effective analysis method between structural features and mechanical characteristics for a better structural optimization. Based on the structural composition and functions of aero-engines, the concept and contents of structural efficiency can reflect the relation between structural features and mechanical characteristics. In order to achieve the integrated design of structural and mechanical characteristics, one quantitative analysis method called Structural Efficiency Assessment Method (SEAM) was put forward. The structural efficiency coefficient was obtained by synthesizing the parameters to quantitatively evaluate the aero-engine structure design level. Parameterization method to evaluate structural design quality was realized. After analyzing the structural features of an actual dual-rotor system in typical high bypass ratio turbofan engines, the mechanical characteristics and structural efficiency coefficient were calculated. Structural efficiency coefficient of high-pressure rotor (0.43) is higher than that of low-pressure rotor (0.29), which directly shows the performance of the former is better, there is room for improvement in structural design of the low-pressure rotor. Thus the direction of structural optimization was pointed out. The applications of SEAM shows that the method is operational and effective in the evaluation and improvement of structural design.     

驻涡燃烧室前钝体燃料喷射性能数值分析

为研究驻涡燃烧室在前钝体燃料喷射状况下的燃烧性能,采用3维数值仿真模拟方法,对驻涡燃烧室前钝体燃料喷射 状况下的燃烧效率及燃烧室性能与无前钝体燃料喷射状况下的燃烧性能进行了对比分析,并对驻涡燃烧室的冷流以及燃烧状态 下的燃烧室性能进行了系统研究。燃烧室温度分布表明：前钝体顶部燃料喷射在0.2~0.7的喷射系数范围内,缩短了燃烧室火焰 长度,提高了燃烧室在相同轴向长度下的燃烧效率,使燃烧室更加紧凑;驻涡燃烧室前钝体顶部燃料喷射孔的孔径在一定范围内 的变化对燃烧室的燃烧效率、出口温度分布系数以及总压损失影响较小。     

涡轮动叶表面换热特性的试验研究

航空发动机性能的提高对涡轮叶片耐热极限提出了更高的要求,为了更准确地分析涡轮叶片的传热特性,选取某型气冷涡轮动叶10%、50%和90%叶高的特征型面通过低导热光敏树脂材料经过3D打印而成,通过叶片表面粘贴厚度为0.02mm康铜加热膜接通恒定电流加热,使用红外热像系统精确测量叶片壁面温度,在平面叶栅中研究了吹风比(M)和雷诺数(Re)对气膜绝热冷却效率和努塞尔数(Nu)的影响(试验中基于弦长的进口雷诺数Re为8.0×10⁴-16.7×10⁴,吹风比M为1-3)。试验结果表明：M=1时气膜能够较好附着在叶片表面,叶片表面得到较好冷却;随着主流雷诺数的增加,绝热壁面温度逐渐升高,绝热效率逐渐降低;吹风比对涡轮叶片的传热特性的影响与气膜孔出流角度有关,随着吹风比的增大,压力面绝热冷却效率逐渐增大,由于吸力面的气膜孔出流角较大,吹风比增大使得吸力面的绝热冷却效率逐渐减小;随着吹风比的增加,对流换热系数增大。