高陡度光学非球面高效制造的探讨

分析了计算机控制光学表面成形法、计算机控制应力盘抛光、磁流变抛光制造光学非球面元件的几项先进技术,探讨了光学元件的高速、高效加工,提出了高陡度光学非球面的固着磨料研磨加工。     

燃烧室头部进气规律对煤粉燃烧效率的影响

用实验方法研究了火焰筒式煤粉燃烧室头部进气规律对燃烧效率的影响。通过对6种结构的头部配气方案的分析比较,得出了煤粉燃烧室合理的头部配气方案,为今后煤粉燃烧室的设计和工作状态的选择提供了重要的实验依据。     

Aerodynamic performance enhancement for flapping airfoils by co-flow jet

Introducing active flow control into the design of flapping wing is an effective way to enhance its aerodynamic performance. In this paper, a novel active flow control technology called Co-Flow Jet (CFJ) is applied to flapping airfoils. The effect of CFJ on aerodynamic performance of flapping airfoils at low Reynolds number is numerically investigated using Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) simulation with Spalart-Allmaras (SA) turbulence model. Numerical methods are validated by a NACA6415-based CFJ airfoil case and a S809 pitching airfoil case. Then NACA6415 baseline airfoil and NACA6415-based CFJ airfoil with jet-off and jet-on are simulated in flapping motion, with Reynolds number 70,000 and reduced frequency 0.2. As a result, CFJ airfoils with jet-on generally have better lift and thrust characteristics than baseline airfoils and jet-off airfoil when C_μ is greater than 0.04, which results from the CFJ effect of reducing flow separation by injecting high-energy fluid into boundary layer. Besides, typical kinematic and geometric parameters, including the reduced frequency and the positions of the suction and injection slot, are systematically studied to figure out their influence on aerodynamic performance of the CFJ airfoil. And a variable C_μ jet control strategy is proposed to further improve effective propulsive efficiency. Compared with using constant C_μ, an increase of effective propulsive efficiency by 22.6% has been achieved by using prescribed variable C_μ for NACA6415-based CFJ airfoil at frequency 0.2. This study may provide some guidance to performance enhancement for Flapping wing Micro Air Vehicles (FMAV).     

Three-dimensional numerical analysis on combustion performance and flow of hybrid rocket motor with multi-segmented grain

This paper presents the combustion characteristics in hybrid rocket motors with multi-segmented grain through three-dimensional numerical simulations. Multi-segmented grain is composed of several thin grains with two or more ports. The numerical model consists of Navier-Stokes equations with turbulence, solid fuel pyrolysis, chemical reactions, a fluid–solid coupling model and a regression rate model. The simulations adopt 90% Hydrogen Peroxide (HP) and PolyEthylene (PE) as the propellant combination. The effects of the rotation, port number, fuel grain segment number and mid-chamber length on the flow field and combustion performances are analyzed. The results indicate that the multi-segmented grain configuration can strengthen the flow field, and the regression rate and combustion efficiency are enhanced. Take the cases with two grain segments and three ports for example, the regression rate is increased by 32.4%−45.1% and the combustion efficiency increases by 6%−8.6% in different rotation angles.     

Flow mechanism between purge flow and mainstream in different turbine rim seal configurations

The rim seal is used to prevent mainstream ingestion to the gap between the vane of a turbine and its blade. In this article, the dolphin lip with a hook configuration and a large seal cavity with hook structures are designed based on the high-pressure turbine datum single shark lip rim seal configuration. The sealing effect and parameters of the flow field are measured by an experiment method and a numerical simulation is used to explain the mechanism. For three configurations, the effect of the leakage slot vortex on the efficiency of the seal and the influence of leakage vortex, generated by the interaction between purge flow and mainstream flow, are discussed in depth. The result shows that the reverse vortex formed by the dolphin lip rim seal with hook structure will increase the sealing efficiency. The seal configuration with a large cavity improves sealing efficiency to a greater extent than the datum structure. At different purge flow rates and with unequal seal structures, the purge flow produces three types of leakage vortices in the passage. Besides, the seal configuration with dolphin lip produces a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the interface of the purge and the mainstream flows at a low purge flow rate to induce new leakage vortex branches in the passage of the blade.     

供热系统集约化运行的能耗监测及节能调节问题探讨

对我校供热系统的现状进行了分析；指出了锅炉热效率及能耗监控方面的不足，并针对锅炉热效率提高和二次网循环泵变频调节进行了节能分析计算；同时根据我校实际情况对循环泵设备配置及控制进行了分析，提出了要加强技术指标量化考核和能耗监测，提高效率、节能降耗，实现供热系统的科学化、集约化运行。     

蜂窝式轴心通风器油气分离性能计算

为对航空发动机蜂窝式轴心通风器油气分离效率进行研究,建立考虑油气双向耦合的流场计算方法及油滴/壁面相互作用模型,在验证通风阻力及油气分离效率可靠性的基础上,对不同转速、通风流量和环境温度下蜂窝式轴心通风器的油气分离效果进行计算和分析.结果表明:转速的增加会使油气分离效率得到提升,而通风流量和环境温度的增加则导致油气分离效率的降低.蜂窝孔结构的加入对通风阻力影响不大,却对通风器的滑油分离过程起主要作用,计算表明其对滑油分离贡献率在80%以上.      

10cm氙离子推力器变推力特性研究

非重力阻尼的连续、快速、高精度补偿是实现重力梯度测量卫星精细重力场测量的关键技术之一,直接影响到整星工程任务的成败。针对重力梯度测量卫星在轨飞行期间对电推进系统宽范围连续变推力能力的应用需求,分析了10cm氙离子推力器推力调节响应特性。在此基础上,通过对阳极电流、励磁电流和阳极流率等推力高敏感响应参量的组合调节,开展了推力调节试验研究,验证了10cm氙离子推力器宽范围连续变推力调节能力,获得了1～20mN范围内的推力调节性能及其变化规律。试验结果表明：在采用地面供电、供气设备条件下,10cm氙离子推力器能够在100～597W的功率范围内实现0.98～20.29mN的推力宽范围调节,比冲175～3500s,推力分辨率优于50μN。研究为建立10cm氙离子电推进系统的推力控制数学模型及调节控制算法奠定基础。     

燃气轮机间冷器结构改进试验研究

为了分析间冷器翅片高度、翅片厚度、隔板厚度等结构参数对换热性能的影响,根据船用间冷循环燃气轮机长期工作在海洋环境的性能要求及结构特点,初步设计了机上间冷器,并对其进行了试验验证。根据前期验证结果,对间冷器结构进行了迭代改进。结果表明:在一定范围内,翅片高度增加导致换热效率降低和总压恢复系数增大;翅片厚度增加,导致换热效率提高和总压恢复系数减小;隔板厚度增加导致换热效率降低。     

基于飞行签派员的航空公司运行效率提升研究

航空公司运行控制中心是航空公司的核心,而飞行签派员又是运行控制中心的核心,运行控制中心的 效率直接影响到航空公司的运行安全与效益。根据航空公司飞行签派员的特点和管理现状,对效率量化和效 率评估进行分析研究,采用改进层次分析法(AHP)和物元可拓模型相结合的方法,建立适合我国航空公司飞 行签派员运行效率评估模型;针对评价指标在实际情况下更具有针对性和可操作性,提出4项准则和16项指 标组成的基于签派员航空公司运行效率评价指标体系,并进行算例分析。结果表明:所构建的评价指标体系合 理有效,能够真实反映出航空公司的运行效率与飞行签派员、运控设备、AOC组织结构与工作环境和航空公司 管理规定有着密切联系,为公司运行效率的提升提出理论依据。