基于奇异值差的转静件碰摩故障诊断方法研究

针对目前奇异值分解方法在航空发动机碰摩故障诊断处理中的不足,在基于矩阵分析推导奇异值残差重构信号能量成分的基础上,提出了利用奇异值残差重构突变信息的方法并建立了诊断流程.利用仿真信号对提出的方法进行了验证,得出了该方法与理论分析相符合.最后将其应用于某型航空发动机实测数据的处理,成功地判断出该发动机碰摩的时刻和碰摩故障的延展,结果表明该方法对航空发动机碰摩故障的诊断具有良好的效果.      

一种电动飞机电推进系统的能效优化方法

电动飞机依靠电推进系统为飞机提供所需的动力,而电动飞机蓄电池的能量密度制约了飞机续航能力的提升。在蓄电池能量密度受限的条件下,进行电推进系统能效优化,提高电推进系统效率,降低电推进系统损耗,对增加飞机的续航时间具有重要意义。以某双座可调定桨距螺旋桨电动飞机电推进系统为例,依据飞机的飞行任务剖面搭建了飞机电推进系统在起飞及巡航阶段的系统损耗模型,以可调定桨距螺旋桨桨矩角为优化变量,以飞机完成一次飞行任务剖面能耗最小为目标,提出一种适于可调定桨距螺旋桨电动飞机电推进系统的能效优化方法。为了验证该方法的有效性,搭建样机测试平台,进行了样机试验,试验结果表明：该能效优化方法能够有效提高飞机电推进系统效率,使飞机完成一次飞行任务剖面的系统能耗降低了8%以上。     

一种航天器用先导级电磁阀的新型结构设计

提出了一种新型两位三通结构的先导级电磁阀设计方案,由2组永磁体和3组控制线圈构造3条永磁锁位磁路和2条电磁偏置磁路,不仅实现了阀门的小型化结构和无功耗位置保持,而且提高了阀门的密封可靠性.这种阀门可以作为大推力发动机推进剂主阀的先导级控制阀,能够满足在轨长期应用的需求.通过电磁场有限元分析和产品样机试验的方法,对设计方案的可行性进行验证,验证结果表明新型先导级电磁阀的各项性能指标均达到设计目标.     

Numerical investigation of the nonreacting and reacting flow fields in a transverse gaseous injection channel with different species

The mixing and combustion process has an important impact on the engineering realization of the scramjet engine. The nonreacting and reacting flow fields in a transverse injection channel have been investigated numerically, and the predicted results have been compared with the available experimental data in the open literature, the wall pressure distributions, the separation length, as well as the penetration height. Further, the influences of the molecular weight of the fuel and the jet-to-crossflow pressure ratio on the wall pressure distribution have been studied. The obtained results show that the predicted results show reasonable agreement with the experimental data, and the variable trends of the penetration height and the separation distance are almost the same as those obtained in the experiment. The vapor pressure model is suitable to fit the relationship between the penetration height, the separation distance and the jet-to-crossflow pressure ratio. The combustion process mainly occurs upstream of the injection port, and it makes a great difference to the wall pressure distribution upstream of the injection port, especially when the jet-to-crossflow pressure ratio is large enough, namely 17.72 and 25.15 in the range considered in the current study. For hydrogen, the combustion downstream of the injection port occurs more intensively, and this may be induced by its smaller molecular weight.     

Dawn′s exploration of Vesta

On 16 July 2011, after completing nearly four years of interplanetary flight, Dawn entered orbit around (4) Vesta, the second most massive body in the main asteroid belt. Dawn used solar electric propulsion to spiral to six different orbits to accomplish its science campaign. Although the transfers to progressively lower orbits presented significant challenges, all were executed smoothly. During its nearly 14 months in orbit, Dawn spiraled down to 210 km above the surface and back up before initiating the gradual departure to travel to dwarf planet (1) Ceres for a 2015 rendezvous. Dawn′s exploration of Vesta has shown it to be geologically complex and fascinating, resembling terrestrial planets more than typical asteroids. Among the principal features is a 500-km-diameter impact basin within which is the second tallest mountain known in the solar system. This paper presents Dawn′s operations at Vesta and summarizes the principal findings.     

Novel orbits of Mercury,Venus and Mars enabled using low-thrust propulsion

Exploration of the inner planets of the Solar System is vital to significantly enhance the understanding of the formulation of the Earth and other planets. This paper therefore considers the development of novel orbits of Mars, Mercury and Venus to enhance the opportunities for remote sensing of these planets. Continuous acceleration is used to extend the critical inclination of highly elliptical orbits at each planet and is shown to require modest thrust magnitudes. This paper also presents the extension of existing sun-synchronous orbits around Mars. However, unlike Earth and Mars, natural sun-synchronous orbits do not exist at Mercury or Venus. This research therefore also uses continuous acceleration to enable circular and elliptical sun-synchronous orbits, by ensuring that the orbit's nodal precession rate matches the planets mean orbital rate around the Sun, such that the lighting along the ground-track remains approximately constant over the mission duration. This property is useful both in terms of spacecraft design, due to the constant thermal conditions, and for comparison of images. Considerably high thrust levels are however required to enable these orbits, which are prohibitively high for orbits with inclinations around 90°. These orbits therefore require some development in electric propulsion systems before becoming feasible.     

霍尔推力器羽流对S波段电磁波的衰减研究

霍尔推力器羽流对S波段电磁波信号有衰减作用,这对星上推力器与天线的布置策略有重要影响。为研究S波段电磁波的衰减程度,建立几何光路算法,对电磁波在等离子体羽流媒质中的传输衰减进行数值描述,并以试验所测的信噪比数据来验证算法精度。验证试验采用空间透射波法,在相同工况的试验与计算结果对比中,最大计算误差为26.1%,平均误差为7.3%;在趋势上,试验结果与计算结果保持一致。在此基础上,针对84个在轨典型工况进行S波段电磁波信噪比衰减计算,结果显示：羽流对电磁波的吸收作用是影响衰减的主要因素,衰减最大区域出现在天线位置0.3～0.6m、方向角15°～30°的区域,衰减值在-7~-4dB之间。该结果可为霍尔推力器与天线在卫星的布置提供参考依据。     

折射式二次聚光太阳能热推力器性能预示

针对折射式二次聚光太阳能热推力器,给出了太阳能热推力器(STP)性能预示的工程算法。计算结果表明,以氢气为工质,STP具有比冲较高(7500N·s/kg),推力范围宽(0.6～50N)的特点,并分析了聚光器的聚光比、太阳辐射能通量密度和工质气体的流量对STP性能的影响,得出了参数间的变化关系,为STP设计参数的选取和进一步研究提供了重要参考。     

基于面元法的分布式涵道推进系统进气道优化设计

分布式涵道推进系统被认为是一种高效率的动力布局形式,其中进气道如何使气流低损失地快速过渡到数个圆形截面的涵道风扇进口是一个亟需探索的设计问题。以分布式涵道推进系统进气道过渡段为研究对象,基于面元计算方法,发展了一种进气道内流动的快速数值预测手段。应用所发展面元法数值方法结合进气道的超椭圆参数化方法、自适应优化算法建立了分布式涵道推进系统进气道的无经验优化设计方法。以某型悬停状态的分布式涵道推进垂直起降飞行器为例,使用该设计方法实现了从无圆滑过渡的简单初始几何到气动指标符合优化预期的光顺几何的优化设计。基于RANS的三维数值分析表明：所优化设计的进气道相比于初始几何总压畸变系数(DC)从0.0086降低到0.0067,低于基于经验设计的参考几何（DC=0.0073）,且流场无明显分离及旋涡,确认了这种具有高时间效率的无经验设计方法的有效性。     

阴阳极进气量对附加场磁等离子体推力器性能的影响

针对附加场磁等离子体推力器阴阳极供气量对推力器性能的影响进行了研究。采用试验方法测量了稳态AF MPDT的束流参数以及放电电压、放电电流、附加磁感应强度等工况参数,测量计算了推力、效率等性能参数。通过改变阴阳极供气比例,分析研究了初始气体分布对推力器性能及物理机制的影响。研究结果显示,阴极供气比重增大时,推力器推力及效率相应增大,但增大到一定比例,推力器出现工作不稳定导致性能下降,说明阴阳极存在最佳的供气比例,表明供气比例对推力器性能具有重要影响。