A model of the effects of heavy ion radiation on human tissue

In heavy ion radiotherapy and space travel humans are exposed to energetic heavy ions (C, Si, Fe and others). This type of irradiation often produces more severe biological effects per unit dose than more common X-rays. A new Monte Carlo model generates a physical space with the complex geometry of human tissue or a cell culture based model of tissue, which is affected by the passage of ionizing radiation. For irradiation, the model relies on a physical code for the ion track structure; for tissues, cellular maps are derived from two- or three-dimensional confocal microscopy images using image segmentation algorithm, which defines cells as pixilated volumes. The model is used to study tissue-specific statistics of direct ion hits and the remote ion action on cells. As an application of the technique, we considered the spatial pattern of apoptotic cells after heavy ion irradiation. The pattern of apoptosis is modeled as a stochastic process, which is defined by the action cross section taken from available experimental data. To characterize the degree of apoptosis, an autocorrelation function that describes the spatial correlation of apoptotic cells is introduced. The values of the autocorrelation function demonstrate the effect of the directionality of the radiation track on the spatial arrangements of inactivated cells in tissue. This effect is intrinsic only to high linear-energy-transfer radiation.     

Recent Developments on Damage and Fracture of Thin-Walled Complex Components Produced by Spinning

The spinning technique has been widely used in the manufacture of aerospace thin-walled axisymmetric components because of its excellent formability. Damage and fracture, as the important defects that often occur and must be avoided in the forming and service stages of components, have attracted much attention of researchers. In this paper, the fracture behavior and laws of spinning components such as conical parts, tubular parts, and components with inner ribs are summarized, the typical coupled and uncoupled ductile fracture models are introduced, and their applications in spinning are analyzed. Meanwhile, the recent developments on the modified ductile fracture model in analyzing damage and fracture mechanisms of spinning are emphatically introduced. The results could provide guidance for the selection and establishment of appropriate ductile fracture models in the finite element simulation for the accurate prediction and analysis of fracture moment, location, form, damage mechanism, and evolution law, and help the development of precision spinning techniques for high-performance thin-walled complex components.     

飞机雷电防护设计与鉴定试验

飞机遭受雷击后产生强大的雷电流,它严重的威胁飞行的安全.本文分析了雷电造成的危害,并论述了飞机结构设计应为雷电流提供低阻抗的通路.对雷击放电敏感的部位和部件,必须根据自身的重要性采取适当的雷电防护措施,以尽可能减少雷电对飞机的损害.最后介绍了为确保雷电防护措施的可靠性而进行的验证试验方法.     

无扩口管路连接件疲劳寿命预估的损伤力学-有限元法

 以损伤热力学为基础,构建分式形式的损伤演化方程。针对管路连接件等轴对称形式的构件,引入等效应力和等效应变。根据损伤力学守恒积分原理,得到恒幅重复载荷下应力与寿命关系的级数表达式,根据标准件疲劳试验结果拟合得到损伤演化方程中的材质参数。利用APDL语言编程对ANSYS软件进行了开发,使得借助ANSYS软件的损伤力学-有限元数值解法成为可能。利用该方法预估了TC6钛合金标准件疲劳裂纹萌生寿命,其结果与试验数据吻合。进一步,预估了管路连接件裂纹萌生寿命,预测了裂纹扩展路径并预估了疲劳裂纹扩展寿命。本文为采用损伤力学方法来预估构件的疲劳寿命提供了一种可行的方法。     

基于潜在成分的时变系统损伤的概率神经网络分类

提出了一种新的时变系统健康监控的损伤分类方法。将函数级数时变自回归平滑时序模型应用于时变系统的振动信号,以估计TAR／TMA参数和革新方差。这些参数是时间的函数,将它们在以特定的基函数构成的某种函数子空间上展开得到相应的投影系数组。所估计得到的TAR／TMA参数和革新方差可进一步用来计算潜在成分（LCs）,将LCs用于健康评估比原来的参数更具信息。并将LCs联合并归化为数值得到特征集,输入概率神经网络（PNN）进行损伤分类。为了评价该方法,对一个时变系统进行了仿真,以各种不同的质量和刚度减少来模拟不同的损伤类别。算例表明：该方法能够在时变系统的背景下对损伤进行归类。     

复合材料层合板激光烧蚀后的三维逐渐损伤分析

基于ANSYS平台,针对复合材料层合板经激光烧蚀后造成损伤,建立参数化三维逐渐损伤模型对其进行强度分析.采用宏观应力的三维Hashin失效准则,判定层合板材料的损伤模式;对层合板材料性能进行逐步退化,运用总体破坏准则判定其失效.分析过程中,综合考虑了不同损伤模式及其相互关联性.结果表明,该方法能较好预测含损伤复合材料层合板的强度及破坏模式.     

复合材料冲击试验机的研制及相关试验

简要概括了复合材料冲击试验的研究现状,详细介绍了某落锤式冲击试验机的研制及工作原理;以某层压板为例验证了该试验机性能,并对比分析了冲击前后层压板强度的变化.结果表明:该试验机数据收集满足试验要求;层压板受到低能冲击后内部出现大量分层损伤,其强度值降低最大达35%.     

CFM56-7B发动机反推损伤及原因分析

反推作为飞机发动机的一部分在降落时起到减速的作用,对缩短降落距离有着显著的效果,反推损伤将对飞行性能和飞行安全造成一定的影响,了解反推系统的原理、构造和常见的损伤及其原因非常重要.本文结合波音公司相关技术文件与实际工作经验,总结反推常见损伤并分析反推损伤产生的原因,便于工作者在实际工作中重点检查常见损伤部位,快速找到损...     

基于刚度下降的疲劳累积损伤模型的研究

复合材料在静态和动态载荷作用下的损伤是十分复杂的,对损伤的精确建模是关系到复合材料力学行为描述的关键问题.从应变等效性假设出发,通过分析和描述疲劳过程中刚度和应变的演化规律,提出能够描述材料疲劳损伤演化过程的、以应变定义的和在疲劳过程中真实地反映材料动态本构关系的损伤因子,建立考虑残余应变的刚度下降复合材料疲劳损伤模型.T300/KH-304是我国新近研制的高性能航空复合材料,应用此模型开展对其疲劳损伤行为的分析与研究.在岛津液压伺服试验机上,加载频率控制在4.1 Hz,对这种材料的层合板进行4个常幅应力水平的疲劳实验,建立了T300/KH-304复合材料的疲劳模型的数学表达,经验证模型优于经典的疲劳模型的S-N曲线拟合精度,最大的误差仅为2.4％,且能反应疲劳损伤的发展规律.      

空间模拟电子辐照环境下聚四氟乙烯二次表面镜的损伤和衰退

文章介绍了在实验室模拟空间静电放电环境下聚四氟乙烯二次表面镜所受到的损伤和污染.通过光学和扫描电子显微镜检测出了13种不同类型的损伤;而喷溅表面污染物由俄歇谱仪进行分析.文章进一步阐明了导致聚四氟乙烯二次表面镜的严重衰退的环境条件,评估了损伤与未损伤二次表面镜在太阳光谱范围内的反射特性,并比较了这些试样和标准铝板的热性能.