绿色切削中的MQL技术

重点介绍了MQL(Minimal Quantities of Lubricant)技术的研究现状、实际应用、环境及经济性能评价以及尚待进一步解决的问题。指出MQL与刀具技术、低温风冷和水雾冷却技术的结合使用将是未来难加工材料高速切削领域中的主要潮流。     

Analytic estimation and numerical modeling of actively cooled thermal protection systems with nickel alloys

Actively cooled thermal protection system has great influence on the engine of a hypersonic vehicle, and it is significant to obtain the thermal and stress distribution in the system. So an analytic estimation and numerical modeling are performed in this paper to investigate the behavior of an actively cooled thermal protection system. The analytic estimation is based on the electric analogy method and finite element analysis（FEA） is applied to the numerical simulation. Temperature and stress distributions are obtained for the actively cooled channel walls with three kinds of nickel alloys with or with no thermal barrier coating（TBC）. The temperature of the channel wall with coating has no obvious difference from the one with no coating, but the stress with coating on the channel wall is much smaller than that with no coating. Inconel X-750 has the best characteristics among the three Ni-based materials due to its higher thermal conductivity, lower elasticity module and greater allowable stress. Analytic estimation and numerical modeling results are compared with each other and a reasonable agreement is obtained.     

RNP AR飞行程序设计方法及实例分析

RNP AR飞行程序因其水平保护区小、航迹设计灵活以及能提供垂直引导而备受青睐,在地形复杂或空域受限的机场使用RNP AR飞行程序能显著降低运行标准,提高运行效率~([1])。本文从RNP AR飞行程序设计规范入手,详细阐述了RNP AR飞行程序设计的主要内容,并以某机场进近程序为例,进行了RNP AR飞行程序设计的实例分析。     

充气式月球基地防护结构技术综述

综述了充气式月球基地防护结构技术,包括总体设计要求和关键设计要点、柔性热防护结构的服役环境、功能需求、设计方法、材料选用等。并从结构冲击定位和强度分析、破坏响应分析、系统组成分析和自修复材料等方面,指出了对结构进行健康监测的必要性。介绍了现有的地面测试技术,包括热防护材料性能测试、展开动力学性能测试和太空环境模拟技术等,最后对防护结构技术的发展方向进行了展望。     

超燃冲压发动机支板热性能研究

针对双模态超燃燃烧室内分别处于上游(高速、较低总温)和下游(较低速、高总温)不同热环境下十字交叉布置的支板,通过数值仿真,从材料选择、辐射影响程度及主被动热防护措施三方面研究了支板换热问题,并且研究了不同冷却水流速对支板前缘冷却性能的影响。结果表明:上游支板受气动加热影响比下游支板显著;对于所计算工况,考虑支板与气体之间的辐射作用后,上下游支板前缘温度均下降约150K;对下游支板进行主动冷却效果明显,冷却水流速为10m/s能满足长时间工作要求。     

基于神经网络自适应动态逆的结冰飞机飞行安全边界保护方法

考虑到飞机带冰飞行的安全问题，对结冰飞机进行安全边界保护成为一种有效的解决手段。基于神经网络自适应动态逆跟踪性能好、鲁棒性强的优点，提出了以安全关键飞行参数限制值作为神经网络自适应动态逆的输入，获取可用舵面偏转角的边界保护方法。建立了飞机本体动力学模型，采用高精度的数值模拟方法获得结冰数据库。设计了神经网络自适应动态逆控制律，通过在动态逆环节引入单隐层神经网络，对不确定性逆误差进行自适应补偿，增强了控制系统的鲁棒性。以俯仰姿态保持模式为例设计了结冰飞行闭环安全边界保护系统。以结冰飞机最小平飞速度的估算值作为飞机最低飞行速度，设计自动油门控制系统，实现对飞行速度的保护。通过仿真验证了设计的控制律具有较强的鲁棒性。对结冰严重程度线性增加情形下飞机状态参数的动态响应进行了分析。仿真结果表明，所设计的结冰边界保护系统，能够实现飞机在容冰飞行过程中对安全关键参数如迎角、飞行速度的实时保护。     

Comparison of organ dose and dose equivalent for human phantoms of CAM vs. MAX

For the evaluation of organ dose and dose equivalent of astronauts on space shuttle and the International Space Station (ISS) missions, the CAMERA models of CAM (Computerized Anatomical Male) and CAF (Computerized Anatomical Female) of human tissue shielding have been implemented and used in radiation transport model calculations at NASA. One of new human geometry models to meet the “reference person” of International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) is based on detailed Voxel (volumetric and pixel) phantom models denoted for male and female as MAX (Male Adult voXel) and FAX (Female Adult voXel), respectively. We compared the CAM model predictions of organ doses to those of MAX model, since the MAX model represents the male adult body with much higher fidelity than the CAM model currently used at NASA. Directional body-shielding mass was evaluated for over 1500 target points of MAX for specified organs considered to be sensitive to the induction of stochastic effects. Radiation exposures to solar particle event (SPE), trapped protons, and galactic cosmic ray (GCR) were assessed at the specific sites in the MAX phantom by coupling space radiation transport models with the relevant body-shielding mass. The development of multiple-point body-shielding distributions at each organ made it possible to estimate the mean and variance of organ doses at the specific organ. For the estimate of doses to the blood forming organs (BFOs), data on active marrow distributions in adult were used to weight the bone marrow sites over the human body. The discrete number of target points of MAX organs resulted in a reduced organ dose and dose equivalent compared to the results of CAM organs especially for SPE, and should be further investigated. Differences of effective doses between the two approaches were found to be small (<5%) for GCR.     

深空探测发动机热环境研究

对深空探测发动机热环境进行了分析,发现深空探测发动机喷管将给探测器辐射较高热量;为了尽可能阻止热量散发至探测器,拟采用热阻材料;采用热阻材料后,喷管壁温较没有热阻材料时高,但还在使用范围之内.热防护分析方法经过了地面试车验证,计算结果与试车测量值符合较好.      

国外航天AIT厂房天车污染物防护技术措施跟踪研究

航天AIT厂房的天车在使用过程中经常会出现机械摩擦产生的金属粉末和润滑油滴落等污染物,可能对AIT厂房和航天器造成污染。文章通过对国外航天AIT厂房天车污染物防护技术措施的跟踪研究和分析,为解决国内航天AIT厂房天车污染物防护问题提供借鉴。