一种姿控动力装置热防护研究

酚醛树脂作为一种烧蚀材料,凭借其耐高温的特性应用于航天器防热系统,其防热性能在工程实际中需进行考核。以某航天器一段包覆80纤维布/酚醛树脂的液路管路作为研究对象,以定热流为边界条件,采用仿真计算和热流试验的研究方法对空导管以及注水导管的温度场进行研究:仿真计算得出导管表面平衡温度分布以及导管表面具有代表性某点瞬态温度变化;为验证仿真计算的准确性,进行了热流试验,得出了导管表面以及水中温度测点的瞬态温度变化;根据热流试验的温度结果,分析比对了热流试验对仿真计算的验证情况。研究结果表明:80纤维布/酚醛树脂的防热性能符合温度指标要求;仿真结果和热流试验结果一致度良好,证明了仿真计算的合理性和准确性。     

航班延误赔偿现状及乘客过激行为的分析与预防

航班延误产生的矛盾会导致乘客采取过激的方式维权,这对民航运输安全造成了很大的影响。本文分析了航班延误后旅客采取的过激维权行为的原因,并从不同角度提出了预防措施,希望能对避免航班延误后乘客和航空公司发生矛盾以及采取过激维权行为有所裨益。     

Viability of bacterial spores exposed to hydrazine

For the purposes of planetary protection, a series of experiments were performed to answer a long-standing question about the potential of bacterial contamination of interplanetary spacecraft from liquid hydrazine. Spores of Bacillus atrophaeus (ATCC No. 9372, also known as Bacillus subtilis var. niger, and BSN) were exposed to hydrazine and survivors were enumerated using the NASA standard planetary protection pour plate assay. Results indicate that bulk hydrazine rocket propellant may be considered free of living bacterial cells for planetary protection compliance.     

Might astronauts one day be treated like return samples?

The next time humans set foot on the Moon or another planet, will we treat the crew like we would a sample return mission when they come back to Earth? This may seem a surprising or even provocative question, but it is one we need to address. The hurdles and hazards of sending humans to Mars – for example, the technology constraints and physiological and psychological challenges – are many; but let us not forget the need to protect populations and environments from the risk of contamination [United Nations, treaty on principles governing the activities of states in the exploration and use of outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies (the “Outer Space Treaty”) referenced 610 UNTS 205 - resolution 2222(XXI) of December 1966].     

An ethical approach to planetary protection

What hazards might biological contamination pose to planets, comets and other celestial bodies visited by probes launched from Earth? What hazards might returning probes pose to Earth and its inhabitants? What should be considered an acceptable level of risk? What technologies, procedures and constraints should be applied? What sort of attitude has to be chosen concerning human crews, who themselves could become both contaminated victims and contaminating agents? The vast issue of planetary protection must, more than ever, spark ethical debate. Space treaty, COSPAR recommendations offer borders and context for this reflection, which has to be introduced in the actual humanist: never has been anthropocentrism so practical and concerned, in the same time, by the next generations, because of the historical character of life. At least an ethics of risk is necessary (far from the myth of zero-risk) for all the three types of contamination: other celestial bodies (forward contamination), Earth (backward contamination) and astronauts.     

航天器空间碎片被动防护技术

文章介绍了空间碎片被动防护技术的主要技术路线及其三个核心研究内容,即风险评估、防护技术及超高速撞击试验,并对我国空间碎片被动防护技术体系的建设提出了一些初步建议。     

高超声速飞行器一体化防热与热控设计方法

围绕高超声速飞行器所遭遇的"热障"问题,阐述了防热与热控系统一体化设计的思想,指出将机身结构、防热与热控系统、推进系统耦合在一起进行一体化设计是解决"热障"问题的有效途径,并提出了不同任务需求的高超声速飞行器防热与热控系统方案思路.介绍了部分防热材料的性能,指出了在设计中选择防热材料的原则.对防热与热控系统的优化方法进行了探讨,指出了防热与热控系统一体化设计中涉及的关键技术,举例说明了防热与热控一体化设计的基本流程.      

Al2O3型碳/陶功能梯度材料烧蚀试验研究

Al2O3型影陶功能梯度材料作为一种新型喷管热防护材料，其具有导热系数较低及良好的隔热性能。在氧乙炔烧蚀试验条件下该材料有很好的耐烧蚀性，但由于发动机内的工作环境更为恶劣，为了更好地反映材料在固体火箭发动机中的烧蚀情况，该研究工作采用了试验发动机进行烧蚀试验。结果表明，试验发动机中获得的烧蚀率数据高于氧乙炔试验数据。文中在试验基础上分析了Al2O3型影陶功能梯度材料在发动机工作条件下的烧蚀性能及导热性能。     

火箭电气系统电缆网热防护研究

简要介绍了箭上电气系统电缆网热防护技术应用现状，阐述了一体化热防护研究的必要性，提出了轻质电缆网的芯线、绝缘层、屏蔽层、插头和热防护层有效集成的总体方案。研制热防护材料，确定热防护层结构，试制一体化热防护电缆网，模拟热环境试验，研究表明：一体化热防护电缆网满足结构减重与轻柔、可靠性提高和总装周期缩短等总体指标要求。     

空间环境效应评价与防护技术研究现状与发展设想

文章从建立我国自主的空间环境保障体系出发,指出开展我国空间环境效应评价与防护技术研究的重要性。基于我国在此领域的现状,提出未来发展的设想,包括建立航天器材料空间环境效应评价技术方法体系,研究航天器材料空间环境效应模拟的新技术、新方法,发展航天器材料空间环境效应仿真分析技术,以及航天器材料空间环境效应在轨监测及试验验证技术等。