点火冲击波与药柱裂纹流固耦合作用机理数值模拟研究

流体计算采用基于非结构动网格的有限体积方法,结构计算采用分段精细时程积分方法,求解结构动力学有限元方程,流体计算和固体计算之间采用松耦合在不断运动的交界面上进行作用力和运动特性的传递,对固体火箭发动机点火形成的冲击波与药柱缺陷形成的弹性裂纹之间相互耦合作用过程进行了模拟。研究表明,作用在弹性裂纹上的冲击波载荷引起的壁面变形随时间变化明显,开始表现为撑开裂纹出口,随后出现了收缩出口撑开底部的瓶状;固体变形对冲击波在弹性狭缝内的压力波振荡影响较小,以前采用刚体模型得到的研究结论仍有指导意义。     

航天器典型薄壁件精密加工技术研究

针对航天器典型薄壁件的加工变形问题,结合金属切削理论,从增刚度工艺设计、小应力装卡、小切削力加工等方面,对薄壁零件的精密加工技术进行了深入研究。精密加工实践证明,可以利用工艺手段增加制造过程中的零件刚度,减小加工变形,实现薄壁零件的精密加工。     

遥测校准数据特性方程的构建与求解方法

紧密结合靶场数据处理的实际,基于传感器的动态变化特性,建立遥测校准数据的特性方程,提供相应的求解方法,对其理论特性精度进行评估,并给出具体的应用实例。     

基于改进预测滤波的小天体精确着陆自主导航方法研究

针对小天体形状不规则、质量不均匀导致模型建立不准确的问题,研究基于改进的预测滤波实现自主着陆过程中精确导航的关键技术。在导航算法设计中,首先建立了小天体引力场模型,并建立了导航系统运动学模型,然后建立了基于惯性测量单元、光学相机及测速敏感器多信息融合的测量模型,结合扩展卡尔曼滤波(Extended Kalman Filter, EKF)算法对非线性预测滤波(Nonlinear Predictive Filter, NPF)算法进行改进,在该导航算法下,对系统的可观性进行了分析。仿真结果表明:在引力不确定性引起的模型不准确度下,该方法可实时估计模型误差,在与EKF导航精度比较的基础上验证了改进的NPF算法的有效性和精确性。     

Network based real-time precise point positioning

Network based real-time precise point positioning system includes two stages, i.e. real-time estimation of satellite clocks based on a reference network and real-time precise point positioning thereafter. In this paper, a satellite- and epoch-differenced approach, adopted from what is introduced by Han et al. (2001), is presented for the determination of satellite clocks and for the precise point positioning. One important refinement of our approach is the implementation of the robust clock estimation. A prototype software system is developed, and data from the European Reference Frame Permanent Network on September 19, 2009 is used to evaluate the approach. Results show that our approach is 3 times and 90 times faster than the epoch-difference approach and the zero-difference approach, respectively, which demonstrates a significant improvement in the computation efficiency. The RMS of the estimated clocks is at the level of 0.1 ns (3 cm) compared to the IGS final clocks. The clocks estimates are then applied to the precise point positioning in both kinematic and static mode. In static mode, the 2-h estimated coordinates have a mean accuracy of 3.08, 5.79, 6.32 cm in the North, East and Up directions. In kinematic mode, the mean kinematic coordinates accuracy is of 4.63, 5.82, 9.20 cm.     

Satellite availability and positioning performance of uncombined precise point positioning using BeiDou-2 and BeiDou-3 multi-frequency signals

To realize the smooth transition from regional BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS-2) to the global one (BDS-3), the integration of BDS-2 and BDS-3 is important for providing continuous, stable and reliable positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) services for global users. This work used 154 globally distributed multi-GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) experiment stations spanning 30 days to analyze the satellite availability and positioning performance of uncombined precise point positioning (UC-PPP) under current BDS-2 and BDS-3 constellations. We focused on three issues: the influence of BDS-3 receiver tracking abilities, the positioning performance among different areas, and the benefit of multi-frequency observations. The results show that the elliptical zone caused by poor BDS-2 satellite visibility is disappeared when the evenly distributed BDS-3 medium earth orbit satellites are introduced. When BDS-3 are integrated with BDS-2, the area with the Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP) less than 2 can be expanded to 75° S-75° N and 30° E-150° W. The positioning performance of BDS-3 and BDS-2/BDS-3 UC-PPP are seriously affected by the receiver tracking abilities of BDS-3 signals. When the maximum pseudo-random noise sequences (PRNs) of BDS-3 satellites tracked by stations are within 30 or 37, the positioning accuracy of static UC-PPP can be improved by 22.94% or 8.27% due to the integration of BDS-2 and BDS-3. Besides, the most improvement of BDS-2 and BDS-3 integration is achieved in Asia-Pacific regions, especially for the kinematic UC-PPP or the poor receiver tracking abilities of BDS-3. Similar to the multi-frequency BDS-2 UC-PPP, the benefit of multi-frequency signals for BDS-3 or BDS-2/BDS-3 UC-PPP is also non-vital. The three-dimensional positioning accuracy of BDS-2/BDS-3 multi-frequency UC-PPP in static mode and kinematic mode are 2.24 cm and 5.39 cm, while the corresponding convergence time are 49.62 min and 73.80 min, respectively. Compared with BDS-2, both the positioning accuracy and the convergence time of BDS-2/BDS-3 joint UC-PPP are improved by approximately over 50%, which indicates that BDS-3 has a great potential to provide high-quality PNT services as other global navigation satellite systems.     

低速通用飞机机翼低成本精细化设计

针对低速通用飞机升阻特性的低成本精细化设计,通过合理地简化模型,建立了一种将翼型升阻比曲线斜率作为附加设计约束的机翼工程优化设计方法。基于该优化设计方法,利用低成本快速设计分析工具开展了优化设计,并对设计方法及结果进行了风洞试验验证。试验结果表明,所提方法能够有效提高机翼最大升阻比,同时使最大升阻比对应的升力系数逼近巡航工况,进一步挖掘了低速通用飞机的经济性潜力。     

Contribution analysis of QZSS to single-frequency PPP of GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo

The Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) established by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency mainly serves the Asia-Pacific region and its surrounding areas. Currently, four in-orbit satellites provide services. Most users of GNSS in the mass market use single-frequency (SF) receivers owing to the low cost. Therefore, it is meaningful to analyze and evaluate the contribution of the QZSS to SF precise point positioning (PPP) of GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo systems with the emergence of GNSS and QZSS. This study compares the performances of three SF PPP models, namely the GRoup and PHase Ionospheric Correction (GRAPHIC) model, GRAPHIC with code observation model, and an ionosphere-constrained model, and evaluated the contribution of the QZSS to the SF PPP of GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo systems. Moreover, the influence of code bias on the SF PPP of the BDS system is also analyzed. A two-week dataset (DOY 013–026, 2019) from 10 stations of the MGEX network is selected for validation, and the results show that: (1) For cut-off elevation angles of 15, 20, and 25°, the convergence times for the static SF PPP of GLONASS + QZSS are reduced by 4.3, 30.8, and 12.7%, respectively, and the positioning accuracy is similar compared with that of the GLONASS system. Compared with the BDS single system, the convergence times for the static SF PPP of BDS + QZSS under 15 and 25° are reduced by 37.6 and 39.2%, the horizontal positioning accuracies are improved by 18.6 and 14.1%, and the vertical components are improved by 13.9 and 21.4%, respectively. At cut-off elevation angles of 15, 20, and 25°, the positioning accuracy and precision of GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo + QZSS is similar to that of GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo. And the convergence times are reduced by 7.4 and 4.3% at cut-off elevation angles of 20 and 25°, respectively. In imitating dynamic PPP, the QZSS significantly improves the positioning accuracy of BDS and GLONASS. However, QZSS has little effect on the GPS-only, Galileo-only and GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo. (2) The code bias of BDS IGSO and MEO cannot be ignored in SF PPP. In static SF PPP, taking the frequency band of B1I whose multipath combination is the largest among the frequency bands as an example, the vertical component has a systematic bias of approximately 0.4–1.0 m. After correcting the code bias, the positioning error in the vertical component is lower than 0.2 m, and the positioning accuracy in the horizontal component are improved accordingly. (3) The SF PPP model with ionosphere constraints has a better convergence speed, while the positioning accuracy of the three models is nearly equal. Therefore the GRAPHIC model can be used to get good positioning accuracy in the absence of external ionosphere products, but its convergence speed is slower.     

基于B1c/B2a/B3I北斗三频实时高采样率动态PPP分析

为了分析北斗三号新信号的三频实时动态PPP定位性能,首先推导了三频两两组合无电离层模型和三频非差非组合模型的观测方程。基于山东建筑大学CORS站观测得到的北斗三号B1c/B2a/B3I三频信号1s采样率数据,使用iGMAS提供的超快速精密星历预报部分,制定了基于B1cB3I-B2aB3I三频无电离层两两组合、B1cB2aB3I三频非差非组合以及用于对比分析的B1cB2a、B1IB3I两种双频无电离层共四种定位方案。然后利用Net_Diff软件进行实时动态PPP实验,对超快速精密轨道和钟差预报部分的精度和稳定度以及实验解算结果进行分析,对比不同定位方案的定位性能。实验分析表明,两种三频定位方案定位性能均优于B1cB2a双频定位方案,定位精度能达到0.462m和0.479m,收敛至分米所需时间能达到45.8min和62.8min;B1IB3I方案定位性能优于两种三频定位方案,定位精度和收敛速度能达到0.228m和6.6min。     

双轴精密离心机反转台精密姿态调节机构的设计与分析

双轴精密离心机是惯性导航设备进行精密标定的重要设备,它能够为惯性导航设备提供“0”加速度梯度的离心场。针对双轴精密离心机转台的精密姿态调节机构进行了设计与分析,利用两套同直径的配合球面作为球运动副,并作为主要承受离心场方向和重力场方向作用力的受力部件。利用带有万向节的精密螺杆作为角度姿态精密调节的机构,实现反转台铅垂度姿态的精密调节。经过精度分析,采用细牙螺纹螺杆,可实现反转台所需的铅垂度精度,即±10′。经过受力分析,精密螺杆受力状况良好,最大变形为0.47μm,最大应力为1.1561MPa,球运动副最大变形为6.24μm,最大应力为50.73MPa。因此,所设计的姿态调节机构满足其在双轴精密离心机中的应用。