高热流CCD器件散热与精密控温技术

为保证空间相机 CCD 器件处于较小的温度波动范围,根据焦面组件的结构特点,通过仿真分析的方法,对空间相机大功率 CCD 器件的散热方法和精密温度控制策略作了初步研究。首先介绍了大功率CCD器件的热设计要求,分析了大功率CCD器件热控设计特点,提出了采用微型热管的技术途径解决小空间、高热流密度器件的热量收集与排散方案,采用了基于积分分离式PI控制的电加热主动控温策略。热分析结果表明,热控方案可以满足CCD器件的散热需求以及＆#177;0.2℃的高精度、高稳定度温度控制要求。     

ELID精密镜面磨削技术的开发应用

介绍了ELID磨削技术在精密加工中的开发应用。采用自行开发的ELID磨削工艺系统对硬质合金、工程陶瓷、高速钢进行精密镜面平面、内圆和外圆磨削,得到了表面粗糙度Ra=0.003～0.025μm的加工表面。     

中低纬地区混合LEO星座增强GNSS UPPP收敛性能评估

针对全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)精密单点定位(PPP)收敛时间过长的问题,提出了利用低轨卫星(LEO)几何结构变化快的优势,增强GNSS非差非组合PPP(UPPP)的收敛性能。选取中低纬度地区28个能接收GPS、GALILEO和BDS3信号的测站观测数据,比较了极轨和混合LEO星座的增强效果。结果表明：混合LEO星座增强GPS、GALILEO和BDS组合系统时,各测站收敛时间减少60%～80%,70%的测站收敛速度优于极轨星座。当混合LEO星座增强单BDS时,CL和GCL组合系统的收敛时间相当,ENU方向定位误差变化基本一致。收敛时间从10～20 min下降至3 min以内,原因是混合LEO增强BDS定位时,大大改善了卫星的空间结构。     

精细积分方法的稳定性和精度分析

分析了结构动力分析的精细积分方法的稳定性、精度和计算工作量,讨论了离散时间间隔、指数矩阵幂级数展开式的截断阶数L以及2N类算法的阶数N的优化问题.说明了精细积分方法是条件稳定的.综合考虑稳定性、精度和计算工作量,判定截断阶数L取4时精细积分方法的总体效果最好,并给出了N的参数优化公式.最后给出2个例题验证了稳定性和精度分析的正确性.     

大型机翼整体壁板系统化喷丸成形技术

大型机翼整体壁板是现代大型飞机重要的大型承力整体结构件并且通常直接构成飞机的气动外形。喷丸成形是现代大型轻质高强铝合金整体壁板件成形制造的首选技术方法,但如何实现大型机翼整体壁板的精确喷丸成形一直是现代航空制造技术领域的一个难点问题。针对这一工程问题,本文采用系统化的方法,将影响大型机翼整体壁板喷丸成形精度的因素分解为壁板平面板坯误差、成形参数设计准确度、成形参数控制精度、环境因素。针对这些因素,采用基于变形位能最小的板坯优化设计来减小由板坯导致的成形误差;采用数据拟合、人工神经网络以及解析模型计算相结合的喷丸成形参数综合设计方法来提高喷丸参数设计的精度和效率;建立了板坯修正模型以修正环境温度、喷丸设备参数波动等因素对成形件形状和尺寸的影响;对于从喷丸设备上下线后仍存在的外形贴模误差,则采用手提喷丸机进行局部的渐进式校形喷丸至外形贴模。壁板喷丸成形的工程实践表明,本文所提出的系统化方法能够有效提高大型机翼整体壁板喷丸成形的精度和效率,并可满足工业生产的需求。     

国内外深空探测器精密定轨软件研究综述及WUDOGS简介

深空探测器精密定轨软件系统的研制在深空探测活动中是一个非常重要的环节,一直受到各大航天机构的重视。针对国内外深空探测器精密定轨软件平台的研究现状,重点介绍了具有代表性的美国JPL(Jet Propulsion Laboratory,喷气推进实验室)的DPTRAJ/ODP(Double Precision TRAJectory program/Orbit Determination Program,双精度轨道程序/定轨程序)和MONTE(Mission analysis,Operations,and Navigation Toolkit Environment,任务分析、操作和导航工具箱环境),GSFC(Goddard Space Flight Center,戈达德航天飞行中心)的GEODYN-II以及法国CNES(Centre National dEtudes Spatiales,国家空间研究中心)的GINS(Géodésie par Intégrations Numériques Simultanées,同步数值积分大地测量)软件系统,对这些软件的结构与功能进行了总结。之后对武汉大学自主研制的深空探测器精密定轨软件系统WUDOGS(Wuhan University Deep space Orbit determination and Gravity recovery System,武汉大学深空探测器精密定轨与重力场解算软件系统)的主要模块与功能进行了介绍,通过与GEODYN-II的交叉对比验证,表明:对于探测器的轨道预报,WUDOGS与GEODYN-II的1个月位置差异小于0.3mm,2d位置差值小于5×10~(-3) mm;双程测距、双程测速的理论计算值和GEODYN-II的差值RMS(Root Mean Square,均方根)分别在0.06mm,0.002mm/s的水平;WUDOGS目前已初步具备了月球和火星探测器精密定轨能力。最后对WUDOGS的下一步发展方向进行了展望。     

Analysis of GNSS clock prediction performance with different interrupt intervals and application to real-time kinematic precise point positioning

Continuous and timely real-time satellite orbit and clock products are mandatory for real-time precise point positioning (RT-PPP). Real-time high-precision satellite orbit and clock products should be predicted within a short time in case of communication delay or connection breakdown in practical applications. For prediction, historical data describing the characteristics of the real-time orbit and clock can be used as the basis for performing the prediction. When historical data are scarce, it is difficult for many existing models to perform precise predictions. In this paper, a linear regression model is used to predict clock products. Seven-day GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ) final clock products sampled at 30 s are used to analyze the characteristics of GNSS clocks. It is shown that the linear regression model can be used as the prediction model for the satellite clock products. In addition, the accuracy of the clock prediction for different satellites are analyzed using historical data with different periods (such as 2 and 10 epochs). Experimental results show that the accuracy of the clock with the linear regression prediction model using historical data with 10 epochs is 1.0 ns within 900 s. This is higher accuracy than that achieved using historical data of 2 epochs. Finally, the performance analysis for real-time kinematic precise point positioning (PPP) is provided using GFZ final clock prediction results and state space representation (SSR) clock prediction results when communication delay or connection breakdown occur. Experimental results show that the positioning accuracy without prediction is better than that with prediction in general, whether using the final clock product or the SSR clock product. For the final clock product, the positioning accuracy in the north (N), east (E), and up (U) directions is better than 10.0 cm with all visible GNSS satellites with prediction. In comparison, the 3D positioning accuracy of N, E, and U directions with visible GNSS satellites whose prediction accuracy is better than 0.1 ns using historical data of 10 epochs is improved from 15.0 cm to 7.0 cm. For the SSR clock product, the positioning accuracy of N, E, and U directions is better than 12.0 cm with visible GNSS satellites with prediction. In comparison, the 3D positioning accuracy of N, E, and U directions with visible GNSS satellites whose prediction accuracy is better than 0.1 ns using historical data of 10 epochs is improved from 12.0 cm to 9.0 cm.     

一种高精度航空结构多主体协作冲击定位方法

为了提高结构冲击载荷定位的精度和实时性,针对声发射和逆问题分析两类方法的优点和不足,结合多主体技术提出了一种高精度航空结构多主体协作冲击定位方法.两类冲击定位方法自主并行工作,通过黑板协作融合,彼此通信交互消息,参考优化定位结果,保证位置精度的同时提高了实时性.在大型航空铝板上的实验表明,该冲击载荷定位方法快速有效,具有很好的鲁棒性.     

The GLONASS-M satellite yaw-attitude model

The proper modeling of the satellites’ yaw-attitude is a prerequisite for high-precision Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning and poses a particular challenge during periods when the satellite orbital planes are partially eclipsed. Whereas a lot of effort has been put in to examine the yaw-attitude control of GPS satellites that are in eclipsing orbits, hardly anything is known about the yaw-attitude behavior of eclipsing GLONASS-M satellites. However, systematic variations of the carrier phase observation residuals in the vicinity of the orbit’s noon and midnight points of up to ±27 cm indicate significant attitude-related modeling issues. In order to explore the GLONASS-M attitude laws during eclipse seasons, we have studied the evolution of the horizontal satellite antenna offset estimates during orbit noon and orbit midnight using a technique that we refer to as “reverse kinematic precise point positioning”. In this approach, we keep all relevant global geodetic parameters fixed and estimate the satellite clock and antenna phase center positions epoch-by-epoch using 30-second observation and clock data from a global multi-GNSS ground station network. The estimated horizontal antenna phase center offsets implicitly provide the spacecraft’s yaw-attitude. The insights gained from studying the yaw angle behavior have led to the development of the very first yaw-attitude model for eclipsing GLONASS-M satellites. The derived yaw-attitude model proves to be much better than the nominal yaw-attitude model commonly being used by today’s GLONASS-capable GNSS software packages as it reduces the observation residuals of eclipsing satellites down to the normal level of non-eclipsing satellites and thereby prevents a multitude of measurements from being incorrectly identified as outliers. It facilitates continuous satellite clock estimation during eclipse and improves in particular the results of kinematic precise point positioning of ground-based receivers.     

企业信息化"黑洞"与精益管理

文章分析了企业信息化"黑洞"产生的深层次原因,提出了企业管理理念应与信息技术发展阶段相适应的观点,在此基础上引出了精益管理的概念,分析了精益管理对企业全面、成功实施信息化的重要作用.