小波变换在大地回波噪声处理中的应用

基于小波变换的多尺度分辨特性,作者对连续信号、脉冲信号和宽平稳白噪声在小波域中不同分解尺度上的模极大值变化规律进行分析,根据它们的变化规律用Mallat快速算法设计出一套用于抑制低信噪比雷达回波中的干扰噪声、最大限度提纯真实回波信号的算法.仿真实验证明,该算法对抑制噪声作用明显,能较好地提纯雷达回波信号,这为低信噪比下雷达回波信号检测提供了一条有效途径.     

卫星姿态指向抖动与SAR成像质量关系研究

建立了卫星姿态指向抖动的数学模型,基于成对回波畸变理论推导了存在姿态指向抖动时点目标扩展函数的解析表达式,提出了卫星姿态指向抖动幅度与星载SAR(合成孔径雷达)成像质量关系的定量分析方法,为SAR卫星总体分析与设计提供了理论依据.计算机仿真结果验证了结论的正确性.      

末制导雷达测控系统与检测接口标准化

简述了末制导雷达测控系统的发展，指出末制导雷达检测接口对测控系统的重要性。在分析现役反舰导弹末制导雷达检测接口状况以及接口信号特征的基础上，提出末制导雷达检测接口标准化思想，并给出了一种能够覆盖我海军所有现役反舰导弹末制导雷达检测接口而且可扩展的末制导雷达通用检测接口。     

武汉中层大气中频雷达及其初步探测结果

首先简要地讨论了武汉中频雷达观测原理和设备的组成，该雷达测量60-100km高度的大气风场和电子密度，风场采用分布天线测量技术和全相关分析方法得到，电子密度通过微分吸收和微分相位技术获得，初步观测结果表明：（1）武汉上空冬季60-100km高度的纬向风多为西风，风速为30-50m/s，经向风速为10-20m/s，垂直风速较小，一般在5m/s以内，（2）60-100km高度范围的大气风场和电子密度均有明显的日变化，风场在某些时段和高度区间有较强的风剪切出现。（3）80km以上高度大气的风场和电子密度存在较明显的扰动现象，它可能与大气波动过程有关。     

一种能量级自然云雷达图像仿真方法

针对飞行模拟训练需求,基于自然云与电磁波束相互作用的统计特性,设计了 1种自然云雷达图像仿真方案,给出了多个关键仿真模型的实现方法。通过雷达波束的子波束划分实现雷达波束充塞系数的估算,解决了波束充塞系数计算难度大的问题,并根据云的三维模型设计了雷达回波能量计算模型。通过将三维空间的计算转化到二维平面内以获取雷达波束中心与云团交点位置及参数,以此计算雷达反射率和雷达回波的距离衰减。仿真实验表明:该方法能较好地体现云对回波的衰减效应,以及波束充塞度对远距离云回波计算的影响,具有较好的实时性。     

基于航迹质量评估的雷达和ADS-B数据融合方法

雷达和广播式自动相关监视系统（ADS-B）的数据融合是监视“黑飞”无人机和飞鸟等目标的有效手段,然而两种传感器跟踪性能差异较大且易波动,会带来融合精度下降问题。提出一种基于航迹质量评估的雷达和ADS-B 数据融合方法,首先量化评估局部航迹精度、数据更新次数和传感器测量误差对局部航迹质量的影响,其次综合计算局部航迹的质量加权因子,最后基于分布式融合结构完成异步航迹融合处理。结果表明：本文提出的融合处理方法能有效提高融合跟踪精度,在传感器跟踪性能出现波动的情况下,跟踪误差均优于传统航迹融合方法。实际工程应用中的融合效果也验证了本文方法有助于实现对低空合作和非合作式目标的综合监视。     

A realistic simulation framework to evaluate ionospheric tomography

Observation of the 3-dimensional (3-D) electron density of the ionosphere is useful to study large-scale physical processes in space weather events. Ionospheric data assimilation and ionospheric tomography are methods that can create an image of the 3-D electron density distribution. While multiple techniques have been developed over the past 30 years, there are relatively few studies that show the accuracy of the algorithms. This paper outlines a novel simulation approach to test the quality of an ionospheric tomographic inversion. The approach uses observations from incoherent scatter radar (ISR) scans and extrapolates them spatially to create a realistic ionospheric representation. A set of total electron content (TEC) measurements can then be simulated using real geometries from satellites and ground receivers. This data set, for which the ‘truth’ ionosphere is known, is used as input for a tomographic inversion algorithm to estimate the spatial distribution of electron density. The reconstructed ionospheric maps are compared with the truth ionosphere to calculate the difference between the images and the truth.To demonstrate the effectiveness of this simulation framework, an inversion algorithm called MIDAS (Multi-Instrument Data Analysis Software) is evaluated for three geographic regions with differing receiver networks. The results show the importance of the distribution and density of GPS receivers and the use of a realistic prior conditioning of the vertical electron density profile. This paper demonstrates that when these requirements are met, MIDAS can reliably estimate the ionospheric electron density. When the region under study is well covered by GPS receivers, as in mainland Europe or North America, the errors in vertical total electron content (vTEC) are smaller than 1 TECu (2–4%) . In regions with fewer and more sparsely distributed receivers, the errors can be as high as 20–40%. This is caused by poor data coverage and poor spatial resolution of the reconstruction, which has an important effect on the calibration process of the algorithm.     

CFAR DETECTORS FOR HIGH RESOLUTION RADAR IN NON GAUSSIAN CLUTTER

讨论了球不变随机过程（ＳＩＲＰ）非高斯杂波背景下高分辨雷达距离扩展目标检测问题。文中提出了ＣＡ－ＣＦＡＲ,ＯＳ－ＣＦＡＲ两种距离扩展目标检测器,并证明了它们的形状因子和尺度因子未知的情形下具有恒虚警性,即双参数恒虚警性,分析了这两种检测器的检测性能。这两种检测器亦可用作ＳＩＲＰ杂波背景下低分辨雷达检测器。     

多层快速多极子算法的改进措施

 为精确求解散射问题,采用混合场积分方程（CFIE）、多层快速多极子算法（MLFMA）和共轭梯度算法（CG）的收敛技术。基于传统多层快速多级子算法,详细研究了二维拉格朗日插值节点数对计算精度的影响,并改进了插值方法,在不同的层采用不同的插值节点数;提出了在不同的层采用不同的精度控制来计算多级子模式数;分析了稀疏矩阵的对称性对内存使用的影响以及磁场积分方程对迭代初始值的选择。数值计算结果表明以上改进可较大幅度地提高计算精度和计算效率,同时降低内存使用,可满足复杂目标电磁散射计算要求。     

Beam-pointing error compensation method of phased array radar seeker with phantom-bit technology

A phased array radar seeker (PARS) must be able to effectively decouple body motion and accurately extract the line-of-sight (LOS) rate for target missile tracking.In this study,the real time two-channel beam pointing error (BPE) compensation method of PARS for LOS rate extraction is designed.The PARS discrete beam motion principium is analyzed,and the mathematical model of beam scanning control is finished.According to the principle of the antenna element shift phase,both the antenna element shift phase law and the causes of beam-pointing error under phantom-bit conditions are analyzed,and the effect of BPE caused by phantom-bit technology (PBT) on the extraction accuracy of the LOS rate is examined.A compensation method is given,which includes coordinate transforms,beam angle margin compensation,and detector dislocation angle calculation.When the method is used,the beam angle margin in the pitch and yaw directions is calculated to reduce the effect of the missile body disturbance and to improve LOS rate extraction precision by compensating for the detector dislocation angle.The simulation results validate the proposed method.