国内民航客运需求价格点弹性与弧弹性研究

采用微观经济学的点弹性和弧弹性理论,对国内民航客运需求价格弹性进行初步对比研究.结合民航客运的自身特点,提出适用于民航客运需求价格弹性的点弹性和弧弹性分析方法,并采用此方法对国内民航客运市场进行分析,得出国内民航整体市场是富于弹性的和旺盛需求的结论,最后给出点弹性与弧弹性对比.     

用于彩色图像分割的有效特征分析(英文)

提出了一种基于分析特征分割贡献的彩色图像分割方法。该方法不受某一特定彩色空间的限制 ,有效特征的确定取决于所设计的特征编码器对被测彩色图像中各种彩色特征的分析结果。该技术不同于以往的分割技术 ,自组织特征映射被用来构造特征编码器 ,使得编码器能自组织地分析不同彩色图像的有效特征。当合适的彩色特征和初始参数给定后 ,模糊聚类技术被用于最后的分割处理。该方法已经应用于不同类型的彩色图像分割处理 ,实验结果说明了该技术明显优于传统的聚类技术。研究表明 ,特征编码为彩色图像分割的自动化和最优化提供了保证。     

高负荷压气机叶栅分离结构及其等离子体流动控制

 为揭示高负荷压气机叶栅内部流动损失的产生机理和分布规律以及等离子体气动激励的作用机制,利用拓扑分析和数值计算方法,从计算模型的建立与验证、基准流场的分离结构和等离子体流动控制3个方面展开研究;对总压损失系数分布、拓扑结构和表面流谱与空间流线分布以及旋涡结构进行分析,并开展了激励方式的优化分析.结果表明:随着攻角的增大,固壁面拓扑结构增加了3对奇点,吸力面流向激励改变了固壁面拓扑结构.当攻角为2°时,在吸力面拓扑结构中产生了一对奇点,打断了角区分离线,并引入了一条回流再附线.叶栅流道内部有5个主要涡系,尾缘径向对涡促进流体的展向流动,并成为吸力面倒流的主要组成部分;角涡是一个独立的涡系,其强度和尺度不受等离子体气动激励的影响.吸力面流向激励可以改善叶中流场,但对角区流动作用很小;端壁横向激励可以降低角区流动损失,对叶中流场作用有限;吸力面流向与端壁横向组合激励在整个叶高范围内均可以显著抑制流动分离;端壁横向流动对角区流动分离结构的影响大于吸力面附面层的分离.吸力面流向激励的优化明显降低,而端壁横向激励和组合激励的优化保持并增强了等离子体流动的控制效果.     

A model of the effects of heavy ion radiation on human tissue

In heavy ion radiotherapy and space travel humans are exposed to energetic heavy ions (C, Si, Fe and others). This type of irradiation often produces more severe biological effects per unit dose than more common X-rays. A new Monte Carlo model generates a physical space with the complex geometry of human tissue or a cell culture based model of tissue, which is affected by the passage of ionizing radiation. For irradiation, the model relies on a physical code for the ion track structure; for tissues, cellular maps are derived from two- or three-dimensional confocal microscopy images using image segmentation algorithm, which defines cells as pixilated volumes. The model is used to study tissue-specific statistics of direct ion hits and the remote ion action on cells. As an application of the technique, we considered the spatial pattern of apoptotic cells after heavy ion irradiation. The pattern of apoptosis is modeled as a stochastic process, which is defined by the action cross section taken from available experimental data. To characterize the degree of apoptosis, an autocorrelation function that describes the spatial correlation of apoptotic cells is introduced. The values of the autocorrelation function demonstrate the effect of the directionality of the radiation track on the spatial arrangements of inactivated cells in tissue. This effect is intrinsic only to high linear-energy-transfer radiation.     

基于ICP算法的手术导航三维配准技术

针对计算机辅助手术三维导航技术中术前CT图像与术中实际空间的配准问题,提出一种基于最近点迭代(ICP,Iterative Closest Point)算法的特征点云配准技术.利用医学图像空间和实际空间特征区域的两片点云坐标进行三维配准.对CT图像进行重建、分割及交互式操作得到医学图像特征点云;利用光学定位仪实时采集实际空间中对应区域的点云;通过主元分析(PCA,Principal Component Analysis)获取两组点云数据的特征向量进行初配准;进行最近点迭代使配准矩阵收敛到一个最优解,其中采用k-d tree寻找邻近点加速迭代过程.以塑料脊柱模型骨为对象进行了脊柱手术导航配准精度实验,进一步对实验中的点云数据加入高斯噪声以进行误差分析.结果表明这种配准方法简单可靠,在模型骨情况下配准精度在1mm以内.     

Libration point orbits for lunar global positioning systems

With the development of lunar exploration, a lunar global positioning system (LGPS) is demanded for both on-ground and in-flight lunar exploration missions. The traditional configuration of constellation requires at least eighteen satellites to cover the whole lunar surface continuously. In this paper, the configurations of the libration point orbits (LPOs) constellations are investigated. By using the constellations on the Earth–Moon _L1$L_1$ and _L2$L_2$ LPOs, the basic functions of the LGPS can be realized by using eight to fourteen satellites. First, the LPO and the combinations of LPOs, which can be used in the constellations of the LGPS, are investigated. The criteria and procedures of the configuration design are introduced. Second, the configurations of LPOs constellations are investigated in the Earth–Moon circular-restricted three-body problem (CR3BP). The size of the LPOs and the distribution of the satellites on these LPOs are determined by using an exhaustive algorithm and a global optimization method, respectively. The key performance parameters of these constellations are computed. Third, the constellations with good performance in the CR3BP are redesigned in the more accurate Earth–Moon based Sun-perturbed bicircular four-body problem (B4BP). Moreover, in order to avoid the ground coverage problem caused by the perturbation of the Sun, some modifications are implemented, and the configuration of the no blind area LGPS in the B4BP is obtained.     

高超声速锥导乘波体非设计点性能研究

对设计马赫数6的锥导乘波体在马赫数4～7、迎角-6°～+6°的三维流场进行了数值模拟.研究表明:粘性对阻力系数的影响较大;非设计马赫数时,锥导乘波体的升阻比没有明显减小;升力系数与迎角呈线性关系,随着迎角增大而增大;升阻比在+2°迎角下达到最大.     

基于拉格朗日方法的通气云状空泡三维非定常脱落特性研究

采用均相流模型并结合FBM湍流模型,对绕轴对称回转体通气云状空泡流动特性进行了三维数值模拟,基于实验结果对数值方法进行验证,同时利用基于拉格朗日体系的有限时间李雅普诺夫指数(FTLE)、拉格朗日拟序结构(LCS)和粒子追踪方法分析了其三维非定常脱落特性。研究结果表明:纵截面上空泡覆盖区域的拉格朗日拟序结构整体呈椭球状分布,内部为不规律的复杂拟序结构;不同横截面上拟序结构分布存在很大差异。空泡内部的非对称流动结构和周向流动导致空泡呈现很强的三维运动特性。反向射流在周向上推进的不同步性,是造成空泡呈现不规则断裂和大尺度U型空泡团脱落的主要原因。     

一种利于交班的舰空导弹最优中制导律设计

针对舰空导弹超视距拦截低空飞行目标问题,在复合制导的中制导段,建立了导弹拦截目标的相对运动模型,依据制导平台无线电指令修正信息,考虑舰空导弹拦截低空目标时的飞行速度特性,给出了预测遭遇点的实时解算模型,并确定了利于中末制导交班的中制导终端约束条件。基于拦截预测遭遇点,引入伪控制量的概念,应用线性二次型最优控制理论,设计了一种基于拦截预测遭遇点的利于制导交班的最优中制导律,仿真结果验证了预测遭遇点实时解算模型和最优中制导律的正确性与有效性。     

等质量异形粒子超高速撞击侵蚀

用数值方法模拟双锥，圆柱，椭球、圆锥和倒圆锥五类等质量异形铝粒子五种高宽比共２５种粒子对半无限铝靶的超高速撞击侵蚀，撞击速度为４ｋｍ／ｓ，给出了坑深、坑径、坑形参数和坑体积随粒子形状及高宽比的变化曲线。结果与非圆球异形粒子超高速撞击侵蚀计算有重要参考价值。