基于SIMION软件的空间等离子体探测器的数值仿真

空间等离子体探测器采用带偏转板的柱形静电分析器作为传感器,具有大于320°探测视场,可探测约10eV～30keV的热等离子体。利用SIMION软件采用均匀随机抽样建立粒子源的方法仿真探测器的基本特性参数:静电分析器因子、能量分辨率、偏转板因子和偏转角。仿真结果与实测结果吻合很好。静电分析器因子的仿真与实测结果偏差为3.2%,能量分辨率仿真与实测结果偏差为1.5%,偏转角-偏转板因子的关系式与实测结果的相关系数为0.999 4。仿真结果可以有效地应用于该类仪器的设计和定标过程中。     

微波增强滑移电弧等离子体辅助超声速燃烧

为了研究微波增强滑移电弧等离子体对超声速燃烧火焰结构的影响,在超燃冲压发动机直连式实验台发动机模型加装了微波和滑移电弧结构,进行了超声速稳定燃烧实验。以单级凹腔作为火焰稳定器,燃烧室来流马赫数为2.5,常温乙烯从壁面横向射流,燃料射流点之前放置滑移电弧电极,凹腔对侧馈入2.45 GHz的微波。研究表明,在超燃冲压发动机燃烧室内滑移电弧同样遵循放电和扩展的周期特性,由于气流流速极高,滑移电弧周期约达125 kHz。等离子体的加入使燃烧室预燃激波串前移,火焰的起始和稳定位置从凹腔剪切层向燃料射流前部转移,超声速火焰燃烧速率提高。与单一的微波或滑移电弧等离子体增强燃烧方法相比,微波与滑移电弧的结合可在较低的能耗下,实现与高功率微波等效的效果。微波增强滑移电弧等离子体能够对超声速燃烧起到稳定作用。     

光谱01卫星脉冲等离子推力器电源处理单元的开发

针对光谱01卫星应用需求,提出了脉冲等离子推力器电源处理单元的设计方案,给出了验证结果。采用反激变换拓扑和恒功率方式实现了以2.5Hz的频率将5.76μF的储能电容器充电至1600V,将0.68μF的火花塞点火电容充电至800V;采用超快恢复高压整流管、高压绕组串联、高压整流管串联和开关频率设计解决了反激变换器整流二极管反向恢复引起的功率反向传输问题;采用输出钳位二极管和限流电阻解决了储能电容振荡负电压反向一次母线充电的问题。PPT的地面寿命试验和在轨测试结果表明,所设计的电源处理单元方案合理可行。     

Luminescent Nanocrystalline Silicon Carbide Thin Film Deposited by Helicon Wave Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition

Hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon carbide (SiC) thin films were deposited on the single-crystal silicon substrate using the heli-con wave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (HW-PECVD) technique. The influences of magnetic field and hydrogen dilution ratio on the structures of SiC thin film were investigated with the atomic force microscopy (AFM), the Fourier transform infrared ab-sorption (FTIR) and the transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicate that the high plasma activity of the helicon wave mode proves to be a key factor to grow crystalline SiC thin films at a relative low substrate temperature. Also, the decrease in the grain sizes from the level of microcrystalline to that of nanocrystalline can be achieved by increasing the hydrogen dilution ratios. Transmis-sion electron microscopy measurements reveal that the size of most nanocrystals in the film deposited under the higher hydrogen dilution ratios is smaller than the doubled Bohr radius of 3C-SiC (approximately 5.4 nm), and the light emission measurements also show a strong blue photoluminescence at the room temperature, which is considered to be caused by the quantum confinement effect of small-sized SiC nanocrystals.     

In-Situ Solar Wind and Magnetic Field Signatures of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections

The heliospheric counterparts of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) at the Sun, interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), can be identified in situ based on a number of magnetic field, plasma, compositional and energetic particle signatures as well as combinations thereof. We summarize these signatures and their implications for understanding the nature of these structures and the physical properties of coronal mass ejections. We conclude that our understanding of ICMEs is far from complete and formulate several challenges that, if addressed, would substantially improve our knowledge of the relationship between CMEs at the Sun and in the heliosphere.     

Location of Magnetic Reconnection in the Magnetotail

It is a crucial issue to know where magnetic reconnection takes place in the near-Earth magnetotail for substorm onsets. It is found on the basis of Geotail observations that the factor that controls the magnetic reconnection site in the magnetotail is the solar wind energy input. Magnetic reconnection forms close to (far from) the Earth in the magnetotail for high (low) solar wind energy input conditions.With the early Vela spacecraft observations, it was believed that magnetic reconnection started inside the Vela position, likely at 15 R_E. The later ISEE/IRM observations put magnetic reconnection beyond 20 R_E. The Vela event studies were made for highly active conditions, while the ISEE/IRM survey studies were made for moderate or quiet conditions. The finding of the factor that controls the site of magnetic reconnection in the magnetotail resolves the apparent discrepancy among various spacecraft results, and suggests solar cycle variation of the magnetotail reconnection site.     

地面实验室模拟空间等离子体环境的初步测试

空间等离子体和航天器的相互作用对航天器的安全有重要影响，利用空间实验来研究这些作用的代价很大，可以通过在地面实验室中模拟空间等离子体环境来低成本地研究这些相互作用。本研究通过使用ECR等离子体源期望在地面实验室来近似模拟空间等离子体环境。通过初步测量，我们得到了一个比较均匀的等离子体环境。     

100W微波等离子推力器的调试与地面实验

微波等离子推力器(MPT)谐振腔只有在谐振状态下，微波能量才能被高效地用于加热工质产生推力。采用微波无源器件回波损耗的测试方法对100W MPT谐振进行精确地调谐，分析微波能量的吸收效率及谐振频率带宽，研究腔体尺寸、微波耦合探针位置在同一谐振频率条件下的匹配性。在地面条件下，对100W MPT系统进行了实验，利用推力器腔体内的高电场强度可直接使系统推力器腔体中工质电离，其最高能量吸收效率可达98．3％。     

螺旋波等离子体推进器磁场仿真

推进工质电离、加速、喷出过程以及电羽流的污染控制等都与磁场密切相关。磁场位形的仿真设计对于提高螺旋波等离子体推进器的性能至关重要。基于等效磁荷方法建立了专门针对螺旋波等离子体推进器的三维磁场仿真模型, 计算出圆柱形与圆环形铷铁硼(Nd-Fe-B)永磁体组合产生的磁场位形及磁场强度分布特征。该模型为改进电推进器实验方案提供必要的参考和指导;通过大量仿真计算与分析, 从大量的磁铁构型方案中优选出合适的磁铁构型, 可以缩短螺旋波等离子体推进器的实验周期, 降低成本, 加快电推进器的研发进度。     

脉冲等离子体推力器研究综述

简要介绍了脉冲等离子体推力器(PPT)的基本工作原理;回顾了国内外脉冲等离子推力器的发展历史;阐述了它的优势与面临的挑战;分析了需要研究的关键技术与发展方向。