太阳同步轨道卫星中继测控天线覆盖特性优化研究

我国天链一号数据中继卫星系统的初步建成,大大提高了低轨用户卫星的测控效率,但用户卫星中继测控天线有限的波束角影响了其对数据中继卫星系统的覆盖率。为此,文章提出一种垂直于卫星轨道面方向的准半球状增益中继测控天线布局方式,适用于整星尺寸较大或使用晨昏轨道的太阳同步轨道(SSO)卫星。这种方式充分利用该方向对中继卫星的长时间可视弧段,能有效提高中继测控的覆盖率,对天链一号数据中继卫星系统的覆盖率在95%以上。同时,单个中继测控弧段的平均时长约为60min,弧段之间的平均等待时间约为20min。其覆盖特性的各项指标相比于常规的对天面中继测控天线具有明显的优势,能显著提高中继测控任务的实时性和灵活性。     

Phase plane design based fast altitude tracking control for hypersonic flight vehicle with angle of attack constraint

In this paper, fast setpoint altitude tracking control for Hypersonic Flight Vehicle (HFV) satisfying Angle of Attack (AOA) constraint is studied with a two-loop structure controller, in the presence of parameter uncertainties and disturbances. For the outer loop, phase plane design is adopted for the simplified model under Bang-Bang controller to generate AOA command guaranteeing fast tracking performance. Modifications based on Feedback-Linearization (FL) technique are adopted to transform the phase trajectory into a sliding curve. Moreover, to resist mismatch between design model and actual model, Fast Exponential Reaching Law (FERL) is augmented with the baseline controller to maintain state on the sliding curve. The inner-loop controller is based on backstepping technique to track the AOA command generated by outer-loop controller. Barrier Lyapunov Function (BLF) design is employed to satisfy AOA requirement. Moreover, a novel auxiliary state is introduced to remove the restriction of BLF design on initial tracking errors. Dynamic Surface Control (DSC) is utilized to ease the computation burden. Rigorous stability proof is then given, and AOA is guaranteed to stay in predefined region theoretically. Simulations are conducted to verify the efficiency and superior performance of the proposed method.     

CYCLIC VISCOPLASTIC DESCRIPTION FOR THE MEAN STRAIN EFFECT

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Damage characteristics and constitutive modeling of the 2D C/Si C composite: Part I – Experiment and analysis

This paper reports an experimental investigation on the macroscopic mechanical behaviors and damage mechanisms of the plain-woven(2D) C/Si C composite under in-plane on- and offaxis loading conditions. Specimens with 15, 30, and 45 off-axis angles were prepared and tested under monotonic and incremental cyclic tension and compression loads. The obtained results were compared with those of uniaxial tension, compression, and shear specimens. The relationships between the damage modes and the stress state were analyzed based on scanning electronic microscopy(SEM) observations and acoustic emission(AE) data. The test results reveal the remarkable axial anisotropy and unilateral behavior of the material. The off-axis tension test results show that the material is fiber-dominant and the evolution rate of damage and inelastic strain is accelerated under the corresponding combined biaxial tension and shear loads. Due to the damage impediment effect of compression stress, compression specimens show higher mechanical properties and lower damage evolution rates than tension specimens with the same off-axis angle. Under cyclic tension–compression loadings, both on-axis and off-axis specimens exhibit progressive damage deactivation behaviors in the compression range, but with different deactivation rates.     

偶数重连续覆盖的Walker星座设计方法

针对期望覆盖重数为偶数重时连续覆盖Walker星座的构型设计问题,提出一种基于覆盖带理论的构型设计方法。首先分析同轨道卫星组成覆盖带时的构型设计特例,随后将结论推广,改进了传统Walker星座的构型表征形式并提出覆盖带构型参数。基于轨道参数的相平面映射,给出了异轨卫星组成覆盖带时特征宽度的计算方法。通过分析相平面上覆盖带的拼接情况,给出了轨道倾角的优化策略和偶数重覆盖任意纬度的Walker星座设计步骤。所提出方法能显著提高构型枚举效率,且能满足不同纬度范围的覆盖需求。仿真表明,该方法能减少约10%覆盖所需的卫星数量,并能通过调整构型参数进一步优化轨道面数量。     

基于焦面哈特曼波前传感器的大视场高精度波前测量技术论证

气动光学效应容易对导引头目标成像跟踪系统产生不良影响,然而传统哈特曼波前传感器由于探测视场小,无法作用于导引头的目标成像跟踪系统。文章介绍了一种能够大视场测量的焦面哈特曼波前传感器,同时针对在焦面哈特曼中传统模式法无法高精度测量的问题,提出一种能够高精度测量的优化波前复原算法——基于Gerchberg-Saxton迭代的波前复原算法。然后根据满足大视场测量的结构设计,搭建了仿真平台,利用优化的波前复原算法对仿真输入像差进行复原。最后,利用多个激光器搭建了大视场波前复原实验平台并验证了焦面哈特曼波前传感器具有能够实现高精度的大视场波前测量的能力。     

透视空天红外遥感探测技术:演进规律与发展趋势

空天红外遥感探测技术对国民经济发展和战略国防能力建设具有重要意义,是推动我国红外科技进步的关键引擎,更是实现航天科技强国战略的重要基石。本文重点展现了气象卫星观测技术、地物目标精细成像技术、红外焦平面探测器技术以及新时代背景下的遥感应用等多个与红外科技紧密相连的关键领域的研究进展。通过系统梳理相关技术的发展脉络,总结演进规律,并深入剖析最新研究成果,旨在精准洞察未来空天红外科技的潜在发展方向,为我国红外科技的不断创新和航天事业的蓬勃发展提供坚实的支撑。     

微型飞行器测量天平设计与风洞试验

用三梁式、四梁式结构分别设计了用于测量微型飞行器气动性能的单分量、二分量和三分量应变天平4台.通过天平的地面静态校准给出了每台天平的使用公式,在专门设计建造的微型飞行器实验装置中,用软模型、硬模型、翼型进行了模型静态气动性能试验,用微型扑翼飞行器进行了单分量和二分量天平动态吹风试验,结果表明,所设计的天平具有较高的精准度和灵敏度,试验曲线光滑连续,实验数据可靠,为微型飞行器的研究提供了非常有效的测量手段.     

高精度航天器微振动建模与评估技术最近进展

航天器微振动是影响高精度航天器指向精度和成像质量等关键性能的重要因素,其力学环境极其复杂,工程上主要依靠理论建模和仿真评估手段进行分析和设计。从微振动力学环境、集成建模与综合评估技术、成熟软件系统和仿真实验设备等方面入手,全面介绍了国内外微振动集成建模与综合评估技术研究发展情况,结合国外发展和国内需求对我国相关技术研究的关键技术进行了分析,基于国内研究基础给出相关技术研究的发展思路。