Towards a high spatial resolution limit for pixel-based interpretations of optical remote sensing data

The divergence of horizontal radiation in vegetation canopies is generally considered to be of negligible consequence in algorithms designed for the physically-based interpretation of space borne observations. However, non-zero horizontal radiation balances are likely to occur if the internal variability of a vegetation target and the typical distances that photons may travel horizontally within such three-dimensional (3-D) media extend to spatial scales that are similar to or larger than those of the nominal footprint of the measuring sensor. Detailed radiative transfer simulations in 3-D coniferous forest environments are presented to document the typical distances that photons may travel in such media, and to quantify the impact that the resulting net horizontal fluxes may have with respect to the local and domain-averaged canopy reflectance. Based on these simulations it is possible to identify a fine spatial resolution limit beyond which pixel-based interpretations of remote sensing data over tall forested areas should be avoided because the horizontal radiation transport at the surface may contribute to 10% or more of the measured reflectance signature of the target pixel.     

用事故树方法分析危险品航空运输事故原因

运用事故树分析法分析危险品航空运输事故原因有助于提高该方面安全管理工作的主动性和针对性。通过分析得出最容易引发危险品航空事故的两个因素是从业人员未经培训或培训不足、未能及时识别新产品的危险性。此外还针对这两个因素提出了安全管理的改进建议。     

Effect of vertical plasma transport on ionospheric F2-region parameters at equatorial latitude

The variability of the F2-layer even during magnetically quiet times are fairly complex owing to the effects of plasma transport. The vertical E × B drift velocities (estimated from simplified electron density continuity equation) were used to investigate the seasonal effects of the vertical ion drifts on the bottomside daytime ionospheric parameters over an equatorial latitude in West Africa, Ibadan, Nigeria (Geographic: 7.4°N, 3.9°E, dip angle: 6°S) using 1 year of ionsonde data during International Geophysical Year (IGY) of 1958, that correspond to a period of high solar activity for quiet conditions. The variation patterns between the changes of the vertical ion drifts and the ionospheric F2-layer parameters, especially; f_oF₂ and h_mF₂ are seen remarkable. On the other hand, we observed strong anti-correlation between vertical drift velocities and h′F in all the seasons. We found no clear trend between N_mF₂ and h_mF₂ variations. The yearly average value of upward daytime drift at 300 km altitude was a little less than the generally reported magnitude of 20 ms⁻¹ for equatorial F-region in published literature, and the largest upward velocity was roughly 32 ms⁻¹. Our results indicate that vertical plasma drifts; ionospheric F2-layer peak height, and the critical frequency of F2-layer appear to be somewhat interconnected.     

一种基于多目标决策的超音速民机方案评价方法

以旅客对于超音速民机的需求为出发点,结合人机环境工程中的人体疲劳概念,采用一种基于多目标决策的超音速民机方案评价方法,对超音速民机方案进行评价。将旅客对于旅行快速性、舒适性和经济性方面的要求作为建模的基本属性,建立旅客出行时对于飞机机型选择的多目标决策模型,从市场需求的角度来论证超音速民机方案的可行性。阐述了该可行性方案研究方法的实现原理及建模步骤,并将方法用于新一代超音速民机的初步方案评价中。     

有限厚度变截面管道噪声的数值研究

为了研究航空发动机消声短舱声传播的物理机制,采用快速声散射方法计算管道风扇远场散射问题,使用该方法不但可计算变截面管道风扇的噪声,还可计算有限厚度对声散射的影响.通过数值模拟分析了两种不同简化管道形状(等截面圆管、变截面圆管)中管道厚度对散射声场的影响,当管道厚度超过半径的2%时,管道厚度对散射声场的影响不能忽略,研究成果为声学预测中管道厚度的选择提供了参考依据.      

GEO卫星多层隔热组件充放电特性仿真

多层隔热组件包覆于卫星外表面,占据了整星表面的60%以上,既是必要的热控组件,也是抑制空间强电磁环境源的重要载体。相较于卫星内部组件,星表直接面临高能粒子的冲击与作用,导致其在轨面临的静电威胁极为严峻。其本质原因是高能电子穿透多层隔热组件的面膜,沉积于多层组件内部间隔层,进而在介质材料层形成了内建电场,造成静电放电效应。针对多层隔热组件的复合结构特点,建立了合理优化的内带电物理模型及其计算模型,模拟了GEO环境电子在典型多层隔热组件电子输运过程,进而计算明晰了间隔层涤纶网的电场分布特性。结果表明,在GEO恶劣电子辐射环境下,多层涤纶网充电电场强度可高达9.7×10⁸ V/m,存在放电风险;涤纶网接地边、角处的电场强度最高且电场畸变幅度巨大;多层充放电风险主要来自涤纶网与反射屏之间的非紧密接触而伴随的不良接地情况,建议通过加密棉线缝合间距以提升涤纶网与反射屏的接触效果,从而降低多层的充放电风险。     

Vibration analysis and control technologies of hydraulic pipeline system in aircraft: A review

Vibrations in aircraft hydraulic pipeline system, due to multi-source excitation of high fluid pressure fluctuation and serious vibration environment of airframe, can cause the pipeline system vibration failures through overload in engineering field. Controlling the vibrations in hydraulic pipeline is a challenging work to ensure the flight safety of aircraft. The common vibration control technologies have been demonstrated to be effective in typical structures such as aerospace structures, shipbuilding structures, marine offshore structures, motor structures, etc. However, there are few research literatures on vibration control strategies of aircraft hydraulic pipeline. Combining with the development trend of aircraft hydraulic pipeline system and the requirement of vibration control technologies, this paper provides a detailed review on the current vibration control technologies in hydraulic pipeline system. A review of the general approaches following the passive and active control technologies are presented, which are including optimal layout technique of pipeline and clamps, constrained layer damping technique, vibration absorber technique, hydraulic hose technique, optimal pump structure technique, and active vibration control technique of pipeline system. Finally, some suggestions for the application of vibration control technologies in engineering field are given.     

Response of photosynthetic systems to salinity stress in the desert cyanobacterium Scytonema javanicum

The present study investigated the physiological and biochemical characteristics of Scytonema javanicum, a pioneer species isolated from desert biological crusts, under salinity stress. Pigment analysis showed that salinity decreased chlorophyll a and phycocyanin content, while low salinity increased carotenoid concentration and high salinity decreased carotenoid concentration. Salinity also inhibited CO₂ assimilation rate and photosynthetic oxygen evolution in this cyanobacterium. Chlorophyll a fluorescence transient parameters (φPo, φEo, ψO, RC/ABS, RC/CS, PI_ABS, and PI_CS) were decreased under salt stress, while dVo/dto(Mo), Vj and φDo were increased. The decrease of ETRmax and Yield and the change of chlorophyll a fluorescence transients showed that salt stress had an important influence on photosynthesis. These results indicated that the effects of salinity stress on photosynthesis in S. javanicum may depend on the inhibition of electron transport and the inactivation of the reaction centers, but this inhibition may occur in the electron transport pathway at the PSII donor and acceptor sites.     

航天器空运包装箱的研制及其运输试验评价

目前,国内航天器空中运输方式已经在逐步替代传统的铁路运输方式,采用空中运输方式具有时间短、外部环境好等优势。基于某型号自主研制的新型航天器空运包装箱,文章介绍了该包装箱的设计研制特点和空运试验的测试结果。结果表明空运包装箱满足航天器的安全运输要求,也证明了包装箱设计的合理性。     

泵间管气液两相流压力波传播速度数值研究

采用ANSYS CFX热相变模型数值模拟了泵间管气氧和液氧的混合冷凝过程.并应用整体平均两流体模型建立了气液两相流压力波的色散方程,系统研究了泵间管两相压力波的传播速度特性.计算表明:泵间管气液两相波速随空泡份额的增加先减小而后在弹状流区域略微增大,且两相波速随扰动角频率增加而增大.增加液氧流量或降低进口气氧温度,气液的冷凝效果增强,沿管流的空泡份额减小,气液两相波速增大.