磁悬浮框架飞轮磁轴承技术研究与发展现状

对磁悬浮框架飞轮(MSGFW)和高精度磁轴承研究现状及其未来发展进行了详细阐述。根据转子悬浮力类型，将磁悬浮框架飞轮分为磁阻力构型、洛伦兹力构型和混合力构型，并结合三种构型论述了国内外框架飞轮的发展过程。在此基础上，对球面磁阻力磁轴承和洛伦兹力磁轴承进行了详细介绍，并结合磁路图分析其工作原理，比较了同类磁轴承的优劣。展望了磁悬浮框架飞轮与高精度磁轴承的未来发展方向，指出高动态响应检控共位平动球面磁阻力磁轴承，标准磁悬浮动量球和磁悬浮控制敏感球是磁悬浮框架飞轮的研究重点。     

Accuracy enhancement of the spherical actuator with a two-level geometric calibration method

This paper presents a two-level geometric calibration method for the permanent magnet （PM） spherical actuator to improve its motion control accuracy. The proposed actuator is com- posed of a stator with circumferential coils and a rotor with multiple PM poles. Due to the assembly and fabrication errors, the real geometric parameters of the actuator will deviate from their design values. Hence, the identification of such errors is critical for the motion control tasks. A two-level geometric calibration approach is proposed to identify such errors. In the first level, the calibration model is formulated based on the differential form of the kinematic equation, which is to identify the geometric errors in the spherical joint. In the second level, the calibration model is formulated based on the differential form of torque formula, which is to calibrate the geometric parameters of the magnetization axes of PM poles and coils axes. To demonstrate the robustness and availability of the calibration algorithm, simulations are conducted. The results have shown that the proposed two-level calibration method can effectively compensate the geometric parameter errors and improve the positioning accuracy of the spherical actuator.     

基于试验的电动舵机模型辨识

目前电动舵机模型的建立基本上是基于理论的数学推导,所建立的舵机模型与实际舵机模型存在一定的误差。针对此问题,提出一种基于试验实测数据建立舵机模型的方法,搭建自动数据采集试验平台,采用组合窗法对实测数据进行频域转换,得到舵机的频率响应函数并采用非线性最小二乘法辨识舵机模型。对辨识得到的数学仿真结果与实际舵机响应比较,在频域,整个频段内幅频特性最大绝对误差1.9 dB;在时域,仿真模型跟踪实际舵机角度的最大误差1.5°,延迟时间10 ms。结果表明,基于试验数据建立的舵机仿真模型能很好地模拟实际舵机。     

ANALYSIS OF AN ELECTROSTRICTIVE STACK ACTUATOR FOR ACTIVE TRAILING EDGE FLAPS

Helicopter is a complex dynamic system withmany rotating components. The rotor blades oper-ate in a highly complex aerodynamic environment.The vibratory hub load,which is caused by cyclicvariation ofcentrifugaland aerodynamic load of therotating bladesin flight,is transmitted to the fuse-lage,resulting in serious vibration and noise of thestructure. It is one of the most important excitingsources in helicopters.There has long been a desire to reduce heli-copter vibration and to improve its per…     

直升机后缘襟翼驱动器迟滞现象仿真与抑制

直升机后缘襟翼多采用压电驱动器作为驱动元件，但是在使用过程中压电驱动器迟滞会对其振动控制性能产生不利影响，因此针对压电驱动器迟滞开展了迟滞建模与抑制研究。通过实验研究了压电驱动器在不同驱动频率下的迟滞特性，采用Bouc-Wen模型对驱动器迟滞现象进行了建模，并采用粒子群算法（PSO）辨识模型参数，与实际测量迟滞曲线进行了对比，在10~60 Hz范围内所建立的迟滞模型能够较为精确地描述压电驱动器迟滞现象。建立了基于Bouc-Wen逆模型的前馈补偿控制与PID反馈控制相结合的复合控制策略，实验结果显示该控制策略能够在10~60 Hz较宽的频率范围内有效抑制该压电驱动器迟滞现象。建立了考虑驱动器迟滞的主动控制后缘襟翼振动控制动力学模型，并对中等速度稳态前飞条件下后缘襟翼振动控制性能进行了仿真，仿真结果显示驱动器迟滞会在一定程度上削弱振动控制性能，而采用复合控制可以提高后缘襟翼旋翼振动控制性能。     

Spacecraft formation flying control around L2 sun-earth libration point using on–off SDRE approach

In this paper, on–off SDRE control approach is presented for spacecraft formation flying control around sun-earth L2 libration point. Orbits around libration points are significant targets for many space missions mainly because of efficient fuel consumption. Furthermore, less propellant usage can be achieved by considering optimal control approaches in spacecraft formation flying control design. Among various nonlinear and optimal control methods, SDRE has shown to be a popular controller in various missions due to the privileges including efficiency, accuracy and robustness. The spacecraft are assumed to have on–off thrusters as actuators. It requires them to be fed with a sequence of on–off pulses which is regarded as a challenge for spacecraft designers. Hence, the main contribution of this paper is designing an on–off SDRE approach for the formation flight around sun-earth L2 point with uncertainty with energy and accuracy considerations. Including on–off input as a constraint is not feasible for SDRE implementation because it makes the system non-affine. An alternative is utilizing an integral action technique and an auxiliary control to make the system affine which leads to on–off SDRE approach. It has also been shown that the proposed method is robust against parametric uncertainties of the states. Present study aims to design an energy-beneficial, simple and attractive controller for a complex nonlinear system with on–off inputs and uncertainty in CRTBP. Simulation results show that the on–off SDRE control could provide the formation flight around L2 point with high accuracy using less energy consumption.     

Analysis on Output Power for Multi-direction Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvester

To predict the performance of multi-direction piezoelectric vibration energy harvester,an equation for calculating its output power is obtained based on elastic mechanics theory and piezoelectricity theory.Experiments are performed to verify theoretical analysis.When the excitation direction is along Y direction,a maximal output power about 0.139 mW can be harvested at a resistive load of 65kΩ and an excitation frequency of 136 Hz.Theoretical analysis agrees well with experimental results.Furthermore,the performance of multi-direction vibration energy harvester is experimentally tested.The results show that the multi-direction vibration energy harvester can harvest perfect energy as the excitation direction changes in XY plane,YZ plane,XZ plane and body diagonal plane of the harvester.     

作动器故障下的无人机容错控制方法

在执行任务过程中,无人机的传感器、作动器等均可能出现故障。文章针对常规布局无人机的作动器故障,提出了 1种反步法和控制分配相结合的容错控制方法。首先,建立无人机数学模型,并对作动器故障进行分类和建模;然后,根据模型设计反步最优控制器和基于控制分配的容错控制器;最后,通过仿真验证表明,所设计的容错控制方法能够实现作动器故障下的姿态快速稳定控制,且稳定性好,基本无侧滑角,各操纵面均在约束范围内,达到容错控制要求。     

电子阻尼的增进——局部激励应变的补偿

分析了以压电陶瓷片为作动和测量元件,构成速度负反馈的闭环控制的“电子阻尼技术”之所以不能大幅度增加结构阻尼的原因。提出了“局部激励应变补偿”和把通常的微分负反馈改为低截止频率的惯性环节正反馈的控制新方案。压电悬臂梁的实验表明,它们能使结构模态阻尼比大幅提高。     

压电复合材料壁板颤振的控制

针对考虑热效应的壁板颤振问题,利用von Karman大变形应变-位移关系、气动力活塞理论和准定常热应力理论建立了埋入压电材料的复合材料板颤振的气动弹性力学模型,使用Bogner-Fox-Schmit单元推导出壁板颤振的非线性有限元方程.将该动力学方程转换到状态空间模型,给出了基于这个非线性模型的最优控制.应用Runge-Kutta方法在时域内对一个四边简支的含压电材料的复合材料壁板颤振的控制进行了仿真,数值结果证明了该方法的有效性.