物理质团法关于可压流计算的程序验证

为了评估无网格物理质团法(PECM)对可压流计算的可信性,结合物理认识对该方法的设计思想和数值格式进行了先验分析,基于9个一维模型数值解与参照解的对比信息,通过后验分析方法对PECM进行了程序验证,参照解包括无网格再生核粒子法(RKPM)的数值解以及精确解。验证结果表明:各种物理参数以及状态方程的强烈间断会导致RKPM严重的失稳或失真,而PECM在包括极大密度比在内的各种强间断条件下仍保持稳定和收敛并具有较高的准确度。      

MOOCs 环境下的大学物理及实验资源建设

新升本科院校普遍存在教学资源短缺的问题。在大规模网络开放课程蓬勃发展的新形势下,M oocs为教学资源短缺的院校提供了新的机遇。但是M oocs还是全新教育形式,正处于发展阶段,目前M oocs资源还不能直接应用于传统的教学辅助环境。针对大学物理及实验课程提出了一种将网络M oocs资源分解并按照传统教学计划对其整合的方式,可以有效地应用于传统教学。     

液氢/液氧火箭发动机喷雾燃烧过程三维数值模拟

用三维湍流Ｎ－Ｓ方程及拟流体模型描述液体火箭发动机内部喷雾两相燃烧流动过程,两相之间的质量交换采用蒸发模型计算,气相化学反应速率采用Ａｒｒｈｅｎｉｕｓ公式计算。采用ＳＩＭＰＬＥＲ与ＩＰＳＡ算法求解两相控制方程并对氢氧发动机燃烧流动过程进行了三维数值分析,得到了发动机推力室内燃气参数的详细分布情况。结果表明对氢氧发动机而言,蒸发过程非常快,推进剂混合过程是燃烧过程的决定因素。     

RPC: The Rosetta Plasma Consortium

The Rosetta Plasma Consortium (RPC) will make in-situ measurements of the plasma environment of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The consortium will provide the complementary data sets necessary for an understanding of the plasma processes in the inner coma, and the structure and evolution of the coma with the increasing cometary activity. Five sensors have been selected to achieve this: the Ion and Electron Sensor (IES), the Ion Composition Analyser (ICA), the Langmuir Probe (LAP), the Mutual Impedance Probe (MIP) and the Magnetometer (MAG). The sensors interface to the spacecraft through the Plasma Interface Unit (PIU). The consortium approach allows for scientific, technical and operational coordination, and makes optimum use of the available mass and power resources.     

Statistical study of electrostatic solitary waves associated with reconnection: Geotail observations

The role of waves in the dynamics of the magnetotail has long been a topic of interest in magnetospheric physics. The characteristics of Electrostatic Solitary Waves (ESWs) associated with reconnection have been studied statistically in the magnetotail by surveying the large amounts data obtained from Waveform Capture (WFC) which is an important component of Plasma Wave Instrument (PWI) on the Geotail spacecraft. About 150 reconnection events with WFC data available are selected, and approximately 10 thousands of ESW waveforms are picked up by hands for statistical study. The ESWs are observed near diffusion region and near the plasma sheet boundary layer (PSBL). Two kinds of waveforms of ESWs are observed: bi-polar and tri-polar pulses. It is found that the pulse width of the ESWs is in the order of 1–5 ms and the peak-to-peak amplitude is in the order of 0.1–5 mV/m. The amplitudes of ESWs are larger in the near-earth tail region than that in deep tail region. ESWs have been observed with or without guide magnetic field 〈By〉. The characteristics of ESWs in different reconnection region and under different strength of guild magnetic field, their possible generation mechanism will be discussed.     

Polynomial Hamiltonian systems with a nilpotent critical point

The study of Hamiltonian systems is important for space physics and astrophysics. In this paper, we study local behavior of an isolated nilpotent critical point for polynomial Hamiltonian systems. We prove that there are exact three cases: a center, a cusp or a saddle. Then for quadratic and cubic Hamiltonian systems we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for a nilpotent critical point to be a center, a cusp or a saddle. We also give phase portraits for these systems under some conditions of symmetry.     

A brief review of alternative propellants and requirements for pulsed plasma thrusters in micropropulsion applications

Technological miniaturization has enabled the development of small satellites weighing as little as 1 kg. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of suitable efficient micropropulsion systems at these scales. The pulsed plasma thruster is a structurally simple form of electric propulsion. This simplicity also makes it ideally suited for miniaturization. Its history can be traced back to applications in satellites that are much larger than micro/nano-satellites. The vast majority of modern pulsed plasma thrusters use solid polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a propellant. Unfortunately, at lower discharge energy levels such as those necessitated by the power limitations of micro/nano-satellites, PTFE has a tendency to exhibit carbon deposition, which can ultimately lead to thruster failure. In this new era of small satellites, it is important to consider alternative propellants in the miniaturization of pulsed plasma thrusters. This brief review discusses the needs and limitations of small satellites and alternative propellants that may be able to meet these needs. Such propellants may be able to offer advantages such as a longer thruster lifetime, a higher specific impulse, or a higher thrust-to-power ratio. This would enable the development of different types of pulsed plasma thrusters that can be tailored towards specific mission requirements.     

固体推进剂燃烧微观诊断技术述评

对近年来用于固体推进剂燃烧的微观诊断技术的原理、结果进行了综述,分析了用扫描电镜、热分析、Ｘ－ｒａｙ电子能谱仪、红外傅里叶光谱技术,微热电偶测温技术,ＬＩＦ,ＣＡＲＳ测试固体推进剂燃烧现象的结果,提出了存在的问题和努力的方向。     

ROMAP: Rosetta Magnetometer and Plasma Monitor

The scientific objectives, design and capabilities of the Rosetta Lander’s ROMAP instrument are presented. ROMAP’s main scientific goals are longterm magnetic field and plasma measurements of the surface of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko in order to study cometary activity as a function of heliocentric distance, and measurements during the Lander’s descent to investigate the structure of the comet’s remanent magnetisation. The ROMAP fluxgate magnetometer, electrostatic analyser and Faraday cup measure the magnetic field from 0 to 32 Hz, ions of up to 8000 keV and electrons of up to 4200 keV. Additional two types of pressure sensors – Penning and Minipirani – cover a pressure range from 10⁻⁸ to 10¹ mbar. ROMAP’s sensors and electronics are highly integrated, as required by a combined field/plasma instrument with less than 1 W power consumption and 1 kg mass.