周向弹簧力分布对圆周密封装置密封性能的影响

为了研究周向弹簧力分布形式对密封装置密封性能的影响,针对周向弹簧建立力学模型,分析周向弹簧力不均匀分布形式产生的原因,并对其不均匀分布的临界范围进行预测分析,建立泄漏预测模型对密封结构的密封性能进行研究。首先对密封装置主要结构进行受力分析,研究周向弹簧不均匀加载对密封结构变形的影响,再结合ANSYS软件对圆周密封装置主要部件进行结构-热耦合仿真计算,进而通过仿真分析验证理论分析的合理性。仿真结果表明：不均匀周向弹簧力产生的附加力矩使得密封环翘曲变形,主密封面径向接触间隙最大位置出现在密封环的接头区域;相比弹簧力分布均匀条件,当弹簧力分布形式的不均匀程度处于临界范围内时,接触间隙增加了24.52%,气体泄漏量增加了7.99%;当弹簧力分布形式的不均匀程度处于临界范围外时,接触间隙值呈倍数增加,气体泄漏量增加一个数量级。综上,周向弹簧力不均匀分布导致主密封面接触间隙值增加、密封结构气体泄漏量增加、密封装置密封性能下降。周向弹簧力的不均匀分布对密封装置的密封性能有较为严重的影响,在实际工程应用中应尽可能保证周向弹簧的不均匀分布程度处于临界范围内,避免由于弹簧卡滞使得密封结构密封性能下降。     

钛合金TC4盘铣开槽加工铣削力研究

由于盘铣刀具直径大,切削余量大,造成钛合金盘铣开槽过程中铣削力较大,进而引起刀具振动,缩短刀具寿命。为实现对钛合金盘铣开槽过程的优化与控制,本文设计单因素实验和正交实验,利用三向压电式测力仪测量铣削力数据,采用线性回归技术建立铣削力模型并以“F”检验法对模型进行显著性检验;利用极差分析法分析工艺参数对铣削力的影响规律,利用响应曲面法分析工艺参数对铣削力的交互影响规律。研究结果表明：对于切削深度变化敏感度依次为铣削力F_x＞进给速度＞主轴转速;对于进给速度变化敏感度依次为铣削力F_y＞切削深度＞主轴转速;对于铣削力F_z变化敏感度依次为主轴转速＞切削深度。铣削力随着主轴转速的增大而减小,随着切削深度和进给速度的增大而增大。另外铣削力F_x大于F_y和F_z,对加工性能和刀具磨损起主导作用。     

重力姿轨耦合效应引起的太阳能电站轨道共振

以任意相控阵天线式空间太阳能电站为研究对象,主要研究了其在轨运行过程中受到的重力姿轨耦合效应对其轨道运动的影响。首先,通过Hamilton原理建立起考虑重力姿轨耦合效应时的姿态运动和轨道运动的方程。其中,任意相控阵天线式空间太阳能电站被简化成刚体,它的重力势能以其结构尺寸和其轨道半径的比值为小量进行泰勒展开,并保留至二阶项。之后,采用解析的方法对方程进行分析,并发现当电站的姿态运动满足一定条件时,其轨道运动将会出现共振现象。此外,重力姿轨耦合效应还会引起空间太阳能电站轨道运动长期的漂移,通过选择合适的轨道运动初始条件可以消除漂移;而且,在一定条件下,重力姿轨耦合效应还会引起轨道运动的发散。最后,数值仿真结果验证了分析的正确性。     

多级轴流压气机彻体力模型——三维应用

利用基于彻体力模型建立的时间推进三维计算模型,获得了某单级跨声速压气机在周向总压进气畸变下的总体特性及流场分布,并与相关试验数据进行对比,以验证该模型的准确性及可靠性。随后利用该模型详细分析了进口分别存在周向总压进气畸变及对涡旋流畸变下某四级低速轴流压气机内部流场特征。单级跨声速压气机总体特性的计算结果与相关试验数据的相对误差不超过2%,且内部流场参数的分布特征也与试验结果相吻合。四级低速轴流压气机的计算结果反映周向总压进气畸变导致压气机气动性能及稳定性恶化,对涡旋流进气畸变则影响有限。同时揭示了不同形式的进气畸变在多级轴流压气机内部的传递过程,充分说明该模型在进气畸变这类工程问题中的广泛应用前景。      

横向变过载对固体火箭发动机绝热结构设计的影响

针对新一代防空导弹高机动作战特点,研究了复杂横向变过载对固体火箭发动机绝热结构工程设计的影响。同时考虑过载值和过载角度的瞬时变化,对发动机绝热层进行网格划分,并对烧蚀厚度进行编程计算,进而按照安全裕度设计准则得到不同位置的绝热层设计厚度。与传统设计结果相比,考虑横向过载的变化可以显著减少了发动机的结构质量,提高了发动机总体性能,绝热质量减小了53.7%,总冲提高了6.84%。      

Analytical model of cutting force in axial ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling in-situ TiB2/7050Al PRMMCs

Ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling has been widely applied in machining the difficult-to-cut materials owing to the remarkable improvements in reducing the cutting force. However, analytical models to reveal the mechanism and predict the cutting force of ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling metal matrix composites are still needed to be developed. In this paper, an analytical model of cutting force was established for ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites. During modeling, change of motion of the cutting tool, contact of tool-chip-workpiece and acceleration of the chip caused by ultrasonic vibration was considered based on equivalent oblique cutting model. Meanwhile, material properties, tool geometry, cutting parameters and vibration parameters were taken into consideration. Furthermore, the developed analytical force model was validated with and without ultrasonic vibration milling experiments on in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites. The predicted cutting forces show to be consistent well with the measured cutting forces. Besides, the relative error of instantaneous maximum forces between the predicted and measured data is from 0.4% to 15.1%. The analytical model is significant for cutting force prediction not only in ultrasonic-vibration assisted milling but also in conventional milling in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites, which was proved with general applicability.     

力约束管材自由胀形试验研究与材料性能测试

相较于单向拉伸试验,通过管材胀形试验(TBT,Tube Bulging Test)获得的材料性能参数能够更准确地反映材料在高压流体作用下的塑性成形性能,不同的管端边界将会严重影响管材胀形试验的测试结果.针对国际上现有试验方法和设备存在的不足,研制出了一套约束边界清晰、加载精确的管材自由胀形试验系统.在管材测试过程中,基于位移随动力主动加载的控制策略和比例伺服油缸,实现实时的轴向力、轴向位移和内压力的精确加载.端部约束的测试管材通过特殊设计的工装保证了其轴向自由滑动.实时内压力和胀形管材顶点处材料的壁厚和胀形高度信息通过超高压压力传感器、超声测厚仪和磁致伸缩位移传感器采集,进而基于Swift材料本构模型和采集到的数据拟合出材料应力应变曲线和材料性能参数.试验结果表明,管材两端侧推力与内压力对管材内腔端面的作用力和管材轴向自由对称收缩的平衡条件始终处于动态稳定中,试验设备能够准确获得实时胀形高度、顶点厚度、轴向收缩长度和内压力的信息,能够为材料性能测试和工艺设计提供可信的材料参数.      

气液两相流在180°弯头上T形管处相分离的实验研究

利用180°弯头上的T形管考察气液两相流的相分离行为,以加深对两相流在T形管处相分离机理的理解。以空气和水为两相流工作介质,在鼓泡流和环状流条件下,入口主管分别以垂直向上和垂直向下2种方式放置,通过改变气液入口流型和流速,考察了180°弯头上T形管处合力的大小和流型的变化,测定了该处的相分离数据。实验结果表明:入口主管垂直向上时,在鼓泡流条件下,气体主要受液体的浮力作用,液相主要受重力作用,侧支管以气相采出占优,增加气液流速对气相采出不利;而在环状流条件下,液体离心力占主导地位,侧支管以液相采出占优为主,气液两相流速增加对相分离有利;主管垂直向下时,在环状流条件下,以液体向下的离心力和重力占主导地位,侧支管中液相采出占优,增大气体流速或者液体流速,不利于液相在侧支管的采出。利用T形管处的合力大小、入口流型和两相入口动量能有效解释相分离结果的变化规律。     

一种星箭动态界面力识别方法

为获得卫星与运载火箭界面的动态载荷,提出了采用应变测量的识别方法:沿连接环表面设置测点,每个测点粘贴应变花测量该处应变,由升空过程中采集到的应变信号经理论分析即可辨识界面力。仿真分析证明,该方法对星箭界面动态载荷幅值的识别误差可达20%以下,能够满足工程需求,可对未来卫星力学环境识别的工程应用提供参考。     

Milling surface roughness for 7050 aluminum alloy cavity influenced by nozzle position of nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication

In nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication (NMQL) milling of aviation aluminum alloy, it is the bottleneck problem to adjust the position parameters (target distance, incidence angle, and elevation angle) of the nozzle to improve the surface roughness of milling, which has large and uncontrollable errors. In this paper, the influence law of milling cutter speed, helical angle, and cavity shape on the flow field around the milling cutter was studied, and the optimal nozzle profile parameters were obtained. Using 7050 aluminum alloy as the workpiece material, the milling experiment of the NMQL cavity was conducted by utilizing cottonseed oil-based Al₂O₃ nanofluid. Results show that the high velocity of the surrounding air flow field and the strong gas barrier could be attributed to high rotating velocities of the milling cutter. The incidence angle of the nozzle was consistent with the helical angle of the milling cutter, the target distance was appropriate at 25–30 mm, and the elevation angle was suitable at 60°–65°. The range and variance analyses of the signal-to-noise ratio of milling force and roughness were performed, and the chip morphology was observed and analyzed. The results show that the optimal combination of nozzle position parameters was the target distance of 30 mm, the incidence angle of 35°, and the elevation angle of 60°. Among these parameters, target distance had the largest impact on cutting performance with a contribution rate of more than 55%, followed by incidence angle and elevation contribution rate. Analysis by orthogonal experiment revealed that the nozzle position parameters were appropriate, and R_a (0.087 μm) was reduced by 30.4% from the maximum value (0.125 μm). Moreover, R_sm (0.05 mm) was minimum, which was 36% lower than that of the seventh group (R_sm = 0.078 mm).