气动力对伞稳定下降阶段摆动的影响

为分析伞系统在稳定下降阶段运动稳定性,建立了5自由度的物伞模型,通过仿真发现具有不同气动力形式的物伞系统,其摆动情况有明显差异,并着重分析了气动力参数对物伞系统的摆动角度、频率的影响。     

离心力场下热驱动换热准则关系式的确定

建立了旋转条件下细微封闭循环通道中流体热驱动流动规律和换热特性的基本控制方程,并进行无量纲化,得到了影响流体热驱动换热的主要准则参数;在理论分析的基础上通过实验研究离心力场下以H2O为热驱动介质时各准则参数对换热的影响,拟合获得了离心力场下热驱动换热特性相似准则关系式。      

6-DOF formation keeping control for an invariant three-craft triangular electromagnetic formation

Spacecraft relative motion with inter-craft electromagnetic force has distinct advantages, and its invariant shapes that are convenient for formation keeping ensure some potential significant applications. However, the electromagnetic actuators affect both the relative trajectory and attitude motion, complicating related researches on issues of invariant shape design and formation control. In this paper, the formation keeping problem for an invariant three-craft triangular electromagnetic formation is investigated on the basis of a 6-DOF full nonlinear dynamic model. Moreover, a combined control scheme consisting of feed-forward and feed-back control components is proposed to handle the high nonlinearity, strong coupling, model uncertainties and external disturbances. The feed-forward component is obtained through desired invariant shape design which is complicated by the coupling and superposition effects of any two distinct magnetic dipoles, and the feed-back component is developed with a combination of linear feed-back controller by the LQR method and active disturbance rejection by the extended state observer. Finally, the numerical simulation is presented to verify the feasibility and validity of the proposed 6-DOF combined control scheme.     

弹射式导弹发射时载机动力学响应研究

建立了载机自然飞行时的动力学模型,并验证了该模型的有效性。同时为其设计了一套弹射式发射架,分析了在不同弹射力、不同弹射架位置参数条件下载机的动力学响应。研究结果表明,弹射力是保证载机与导弹安全分离的重要因素,对导弹的出舱速度影响较大,且弹射架沿载机纵向位置的改变对载机纵向运动影响明显,沿载机展向位置的改变对载机横航向运动影响显著。     

Optimal motion cueing algorithm for accelerating phase of manned spacecraft in human centrifuge

This paper presents a novel optimal Motion Cueing Algorithm (MCA) to control the rotations of a Human Centrifuge (HC) and achieve the best simulation of a SpaceCraft (SC) motion. Relations of the specific forces sensed by astronauts of the SC and the HC have been derived and linearized. A Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) controller is implemented for the problem which tends to minimize the error between the two sensed specific forces as well as control input in a cost function. It results in control inputs of the HC to generate its sensed specific force as close as possible to the one in the SC. The algorithm is implemented for both linearized and nonlinear portions of a US space shuttle mission trajectory as a verification using MATLAB. In longitudinal direction, the proposed MCA, works well when the acceleration is less than 2g in which the tracking error does not exceed 12%. In lateral direction the tracking is much better even in nonlinear region since the error remains less than 7% for tilting up to 50°. Finally, the effect of weight matrixes in the LQR cost function on overall weight and power of the HC motion system is discussed.     

Feedrate scheduling method for constant peak cutting force in five-axis flank milling process

It is extremely important to select appropriate feedrates for the stable machining of parts with ruled surface in modern aviation industrial applications. However, the current studies take too much time to achieve this goal. Therefore, this paper presents an efficient feedrate optimization method for constant peak cutting force in five-axis flank milling process. The solution method of the instantaneous undeformed chip thickness (IUCT) is proposed using least squares theory with the cutter entry angle and feedrate as variables. Based on this method, an explicit analytical expression of the peak cutting force for each cutting point is established. Furthermore, a feedrate scheduling method is developed to quickly solve the appropriate feedrate under constant peak cutting force. To verify the proposed IUCT model, the fitting IUCT is compared with the accuracy data at different feedrates. Additionally, some experiments of five-axis flank milling are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the peak force model and the feedrate scheduling method. And the surface roughness before and after feedrate scheduling is detected. The results show that the proposed feedrate scheduling method can quickly adjust the feedrate and ensure constant peak force during machining. At the same time, the surface quality is kept at a high level.     

面向多电飞机的脉冲波形下局部放电规律

为满足多电飞机（MEA）的大功率用电需求，系统工作电压需要进一步提高，而较高电压会增加相关部件的绝缘失效风险。面向多电飞机特定工作场景和参数，搭建了模拟飞机电作动器中的绕组间绝缘故障测试平台，开展了1 kHz范围内的局部放电（PD）大量重复实验，研究了特定电压幅值、正弦波和方波脉冲波形下局部放电幅值、放电重复率和放电相位等统计特征，并计算评估了不同频率值下多电飞机中的局部放电行为。实验结果表明：在设定频域范围内，方波脉冲下的起始放电电压（PDIV）都低于正弦，方波脉冲波形对绝缘影响更大；随着频率升高，放电幅值逐渐降低，但放电重复率几乎呈线性增长；放电时刻集中于上升沿/下降沿末端。以50 Hz作为对比基准频率，1 kHz时的放电幅值降低80%，而放电重复率增加11.92倍，较高频率下多次累积的小幅值击穿成为威胁绝缘失效的主要原因。计算分析认为高频下空间电荷场强变化导致的放电延迟时间减少和周期数目增加分别导致局部放电脉冲幅值降低和放电重复率增加。本实验结果有助于针对多电飞机电气系统和相关装备开展针对性绝缘测试和评估，并有望为多电飞机向大功率高电压方向的设计提供参考和借鉴。     

高超声速风洞气动力试验技术进展

高超声速技术是未来航空航天技术的制高点,而高超声速风洞气动力试验是为高超声速飞行器设计和性能评估提供可靠数据不可或缺的重要技术手段。介绍了高超声速气动力试验设备种类和国内外典型的风洞设备,并分析了目前的发展现状。对国内高超声速风洞气动力试验相关测量技术、试验技术、试验数据评估和高超声速气动力标模体系等研究进展进行了总结。同时,还就高超声速气动力试验设备、气动力试验相关技术的未来发展趋势进行了探讨。     

月球探测器加速度响应预测的时域子结构方法

航天器结构的日益复杂和庞大为全系统级的动力学仿真带来了更大的困难和挑战,目前主要采用动态子结构法来提高分析求解效率,并解决不同设计部门之间的模型共享和技术保护问题。月球探测器软着陆阶段的冲击力学环境一般由加速度冲击响应谱描述,由于高阶振型对结构加速度响应的影响要比对位移响应的影响大得多,所以在小阻尼情况下,经典的基于模态的子结构方法在相同截断频率下对加速度响应的预测精度远低于位移响应。为解决这一问题,引进基于脉冲响应函数的时域子结构(IBS)方法,提出了一种适用于预测加速度响应的降阶形式的迭代求解格式。利用探测器着陆数值模拟试验中测得的缓冲机构作用力作为激励,分别采用固定界面模态综合(CB)法和IBS方法分析了月球探测器的加速度响应。数值算例表明,后者在计算精度和求解效率方面均高于前者,并说明基于脉冲响应函数的子结构方法适于对月球探测器加速度响应进行高精度快速预测。     

亚跨超风洞现代试验设计方法研究

开展了基于现代试验设计方法(MDOE)的亚跨超风洞试验研究,以八号标模尾翼为试验对象研究其气动特性,采用同时改变攻角-侧滑角的多变量方法,而不是传统的单变量(OFAT)方法进行试验。对自变量攻角和侧滑角进行试验设计(DOE),应用响应面法建模,用IV-最优方法对测量点分布进行设计。在FD-12亚跨超风洞完成了试验,并和传统的OFAT方法结果进行比较分析。结果表明:MDOE方法获得的数据和传统的OFAT方法的数据吻合很好;MDOE采集样点数减少了46%,吹风的时间比OFAT减少30%左右,提高了风洞试验效率,缩短了试验周期;MDOE试验方法可以给出设计空间内任意给定自变量对应的响应值及其置信区间。