浅谈基于IPDT的民用飞机重量控制技术

在民机研制过程中,有效地实施重量控制对于项目的成功非常关键。飞机超重不仅会导致设计和运营成本的增加,也将无法实现既定的商载和航程等设计指标。从各部门与重量控制工作的联系出发,结合某型民用飞机的设计实践,介绍了产品联合研发团队(IPDT)模式下重量控制的工作内容、工作流程和常用的减重方法,为民机的重量控制工作提供借鉴和参考。     

Numerical analysis and optimization of boundary layer suction on airfoils

Numerical approach of hybrid laminar flow control(HLFC) is investigated for the suction hole with a width between 0.5 mm and 7 mm. The accuracy of Menter and Langtry’s transition model applied for simulating the flow with boundary layer suction is validated. The experiment data are compared with the computational results. The solutions show that this transition model can predict the transition position with suction control accurately. A well designed laminar airfoil is selected in the present research. For suction control with a single hole, the physical mechanism of suction control, including the impact of suction coefficient and the width and position of the suction hole on control results, is analyzed. The single hole simulation results indicate that it is favorable for transition delay and drag reduction to increase the suction coefficient and set the hole position closer to the trailing edge properly. The modified radial basis function(RBF) neural network and the modified differential evolution algorithm are used to optimize the design for suction control with three holes. The design variables are suction coefficient, hole width, hole position and hole spacing. The optimization target is to obtain the minimum drag coefficient. After optimization,the transition delay can be up to 17% and the aerodynamic drag coefficient can decrease by 12.1%.     

Specific grinding energy and surface roughness of nanoparticle jet minimum quantity lubrication in grinding

Nanoparticles with the anti-wear and friction reducing features were applied as cooling lubricant in the grinding fluid. Dry grinding, flood grinding, minimal quantity of lubrication（MQL）, and nanoparticle jet MQL were used in the grinding experiments. The specific grinding energy of dry grinding, flood grinding and MQL were 84, 29.8, 45.5 J/mm³, respectively. The specific grinding energy significantly decreased to 32.7 J/mm³ in nanoparticle MQL. Compared with dry grinding, the surface roughness values of flood grinding, MQL, and nanoparticle jet MQL were significantly reduced with the surface topography profile values reduced by 11%, 2.5%, and 10%,respectively, and the ten point height of microcosmic unflatness values reduced by 1.5%, 0.5%,and 1.3%, respectively. These results verified the satisfactory lubrication effects of nanoparticle MQL. MoS₂, carbon nanotube（CNT）, and ZrO₂ nanoparticles were also added in the grinding fluid of nanoparticle jet MQL to analyze their grinding surface lubrication effects. The specific grinding energy of MoS₂ nanoparticle was only 32.7 J/mm³, which was 8.22% and 10.39% lower than those of the other two nanoparticles. Moreover, the surface roughness of workpiece was also smaller with MoS₂ nanoparticle, which indicated its remarkable lubrication effects. Furthermore,the role of MoS₂ particles in the grinding surface lubrication at different nanoparticle volume concentrations was analyzed. MoS₂ volume concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% were used.Experimental results revealed that the specific grinding energy and the workpiece surface roughness initially increased and then decreased as MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration increased.Satisfactory grinding surface lubrication effects were obtained with 2% MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration.     

基于混合优化的运载器大气层内上升段轨迹快速规划方法

针对运载器大气层内的最优轨迹快速规划问题,提出一种将求解最优控制问题的间接法与直接法相结合的混合优化方法。首先,基于最优控制问题的一阶必要条件,将运载器大气层内的三维最优上升问题转化为Hamiltonian两点边值问题;然后,采用直接法中能以较少的节点获得较高求解精度的Gauss伪谱法进行求解,提高算法的求解效率;最后,采用真空解析解初值及密度同伦技术,解决初值猜测与算法收敛困难的问题。仿真结果表明,混合优化算法能够准确、快速地对运载器大气层内的最优上升轨迹问题进行求解,并在计算精度与效率上均优于间接法,可应用于运载器的轨迹在线规划与闭环制导。     

飞翼无人机3种保形进气口进气道气动与隐身综合特性对比

基于飞翼布局无人机隐身与结构装载布置要求,保形设计了3种进气口形状的背负式S弯进气道,按照进口投影截面形状上、下底之比顺序排列,分别为三角形、梯形和矩形.利用数值模拟方法对无人机内外流场耦合流动进行计算分析,且基于射线弹跳(SBR)法对进气道电磁散射特性进行仿真研究,获得了飞翼无人机3种进气道的气动与隐身综合特性.研究结果表明:①矩形进气道模型升阻和纵向力矩特性表现均最好;②3种 进气道模型按顺序排列总压恢复系数逐渐增大,畸变指数逐渐减小,进气道沿程气流也逐渐顺畅,矩形进气道模型进气道内流特性最优;③0°迎角下3种进气道模型雷达散射截面(RCS)均值基本呈现先增大后减小的特征,进气道终端开放时矩形进气道模型隐身性能最好,而终端短路时三角形进气道模型隐身效果更优异.      

终端区空中交通流到达模式识别

为了实现对终端区空中交通流到达情况更加准确的分析,针对目前常用的流量统计方法中所存在的问题,提出了交通流到达模式概念,并对基于聚类思想的到达模式识别方法进行了研究。在对交通流到达时序数据提取的基础上,利用基于免疫优化算法的聚类方法实现了对交通流到达模式的识别。对交通流到达模式特征进行了分析,并结合滑动时间窗算法提出了交通高峰小时及峰值流量计算方法。通过实例分析证明了方法的可行性与准确性。     

旋转机翼悬停气动特性研究

鸭式旋转机翼(CRW)是一种先进的高速直升机方案,旋翼同时也是机翼,是其最关键气动部件之一。采用结构分区拼接网格技术进行空间离散,分区建立参考系,通过求解多重参考系下的N-S方程来计算旋翼流场,首先以传统的Caradonna-Tung实验旋翼的亚、跨声速悬停流场分析为例验证该方法的可靠性,进而采用该方法对旋转机翼悬停流场进行了数值计算,旋翼拉力计算值和地面实验值吻合较好,结果分析表明旋转机翼的悬停流场有着不同于传统旋翼的流场特性。     

采用排间界面静压约束伴随方法的多级压气机叶片优化

为解决伴随优化应用在多级压气机中出现的优化工况点漂移问题,在前期薄层N-S方程伴随方法基础上,对目标函数——出口熵增不仅施以质量流量、总压比约束,还添加排间界面静压展向分布作为新的约束条件.以某5级压气机为对象,对其中第1级转、静叶分别在首1.5级和全5级压气机环境下进行了优化.结果表明,施加排间界面静压展向分布约束能够显著解决优化工作点漂移问题,优化后5级压气机的效率提高0.4个百分点.      

CZ2F火箭POGO振动信号特征频率提取

CZ2F运载火箭在第5次飞行过程中意外出现了"8Hz"POGO振动现象,该振动频率对箭体的稳定性和航天员安全产生了严重的影响。为解决这一振动问题,必须精确分析该频率的持续时间和振动量级。通过研究HHT(Hilbert-Huang Transform,希尔伯特-黄变换)方法,结合火箭振动信号特点设计了特征频率提取算法,成功地提取了CZ2F火箭飞行中的"8Hz"POGO振动频率,为有效解决"8 Hz"POGO振动问题提供了技术支撑。     

表贴式永磁同步电机齿槽转矩抑制技术及新进展

表贴式永磁同步电机结构简单、功率密度高、高效节能,但其固有的齿槽 转矩会影响电机的低速性能和定位精度。研究了齿槽转矩的产生机理和计算方法,综合 归纳了工程上常用的齿槽转矩抑制技术及其特点,最后分析了现代智能控制策略在表贴 式永磁同步电机齿槽转矩抑制技术上的新进展。