综合模块化航空电子系统节能分层调度的设计(英文)

近年来,综合模块化航空电子(Integrated Modular Avionics,IMA)构架逐渐流行,并通过引入资源分区的概念取代了传统的联合式系统构架。研究了IMA构架下分层调度的设计问题。调度模型通过强时间分区,使多个强实时应用方便地集成在一个单处理器平台。推导出分区周期、分区系数以及可调度性在实时条件下的数学关系,并提出了分区参数的优化算法。考虑具有任意时限的实时任务模型,提高了算法的通用性。在分层调度的基础上,通过有效利用松弛时间,提出一种能量优化方法,进一步减少了飞行器上嵌入式系统的能耗。实验结果表明,本文提出的系统设计方法在保证硬实时需求的基础上,有效的降低能耗达 14%。     

固体火箭发动机喷管喉部凝相颗粒粒度分布实验

设计了一种新的收集固体火箭发动机喷管凝相颗粒的实验装置,针对典型的HTPB复合推进剂,开展了喷管喉部凝相颗粒的收集实验和粒度分析,研究了燃烧室压强和收敛角度对喷管喉部颗粒粒度分布的影响规律。研究结果表明,喷管喉部的凝相颗粒在0.27～50μm之间都有颗粒存在,凝相颗粒主要集中在0.3～15μm之间,粒径大于15μm的颗粒较少;燃烧室压强对颗粒粒径有较大影响,随着燃烧室压强的升高,凝相颗粒粒径变小,粒度分布更为集中;燃烧室压强相同的条件下,收敛角度对喷管喉部的凝相颗粒粒度分布影响较小。     

某直升机载电子吊舱裂纹分析与优化设计

为了解决某直升机载电子吊舱在振动试验时出现裂纹问题,运用力学仿真和振动试验的方法对其进行了研究.建立吊舱结构有限元网格模型,进行模态分析和耐久振动分析,分析结果与试验结果一致.根据仿真结果对模型进行结构优化设计,并通过仿真分析校核吊舱的结构强度,吊舱顺利通过了耐久试验考核.此研究思路和方法可作为其他类似结构裂纹分析与优...     

基于信息融合技术的无人机风速测量方法

随着无人机技术的发展,无人机风速测量技术成为了无人机的一个重要应用领域。为了提高无人机风速测量的精度,文中将信息融合技术应用于无人机风速测量中,数据层分别通过平均法和改进的 Kaiman 滤波对空速和航向角进行信息融合,以提高参数测量的精度,决策层通过加权平均法对速度矢量三角形法,空速归零法,以及航位推算法计算得到的结果进行融合,并通过实际飞行测量对文中方法进行验证。结果表明,基于信息融合技术的风速测量方法,可以与探测精度高的气球法相当,且探测区域广、探测成本低。     

Design and application of an Electric Tail Rotor Drive Control (ETRDC) for helicopters with performance tests

With the development of electric helicopters’ motor technology and the widespread use of electric drive rotors, more aircraft use electric rotors to provide thrust and directional control. For a helicopter tail rotor, the wake of the main rotor influences the tail rotor’s inflow and wake. In the procedure of controlling, crosswind will also cause changes to the tail disk load. This paper describes requirements and design principles of an electric motor drive and variable pitch tail rotor system. A particular spoke-type architecture of the motor is designed, and the performance of blades is analyzed by the CFD method. The demand for simplicity of moving parts and strict constraints on the weight of a helicopter makes the design of electrical and mechanical components challenging. Different solutions have been investigated to propose an effective alternative to the mechanical actuation system. A test platform is constructed which can collect the dynamic response of the thrust control. The enhancement of the response speed due to an individual motor speed control and variable-pitch system is validated.     

CE/SE法模拟爆震波点火及传播过程

运用时空守恒元和解元(CE/SE)法模拟一维爆震波的形成及传播过程,分析产生爆震波的不同机理和DDT(爆燃-爆震转捩)过程的影响因素.采取激波点火和热点点火两种点火方式,分别对应SDT(激波-爆震转捩)和DDT过程,热点点火初始场采用线性温度分布和阶梯性温度分布,整个管道均为常压.用隐式梯形方法实现刚性源项积分.结果表明,SDT和DDT对应于不同的爆震波机理,并且DDT受点火区不同参数的影响,为研究爆震波点火和DDT过程提供了理论依据.     

Solar Sources of Heliospheric Energetic Electron Events—Shocks or Flares?

Electrons with near-relativistic (E≳30 keV, NrR) and relativistic (E≳0.3 MeV) energies are often observed as discrete events in the inner heliosphere following solar transient activity. Several acceleration mechanisms have been proposed for the production of those electrons. One candidate is acceleration at MHD shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) with speeds ≳1000 km s⁻¹. Many NrR electron events are temporally associated only with flares while others are associated with flares as well as with CMEs or with radio type II shock waves. Since CME onsets and associated flares are roughly simultaneous, distinguishing the sources of electron events is a serious challenge. On a phenomenological basis two classes of solar electron events were known several decades ago, but recent observations have presented a more complex picture. We review early and recent observational results to deduce different electron event classes and their viable acceleration mechanisms, defined broadly as shocks versus flares. The NrR and relativistic electrons are treated separately. Topics covered are: solar electron injection delays from flare impulsive phases; comparisons of electron intensities and spectra with flares, CMEs and accompanying solar energetic proton (SEP) events; multiple spacecraft observations; two-phase electron events; coronal flares; shock-associated (SA) events; electron spectral invariance; and solar electron intensity size distributions. This evidence suggests that CME-driven shocks are statistically the dominant acceleration mechanism of relativistic events, but most NrR electron events result from flares. Determining the solar origin of a given NrR or relativistic electron event remains a difficult proposition, and suggestions for future work are given.     

面向代理模型的机翼变形计算方法

按照机翼结构设计的原则,对内部结构还未确定的机翼提出了一种通用的变形计算方法。机翼的平面形状可看作由多个梯形组成,机翼弯曲变形为三次函数,扭转变形为一次函数。只要给定翼梢挠度与扭转角,即可计算机翼变形情况下的几何模型,使代理模型能够预测变形后机翼的气动载荷分布。文中给出了两个实际机翼的算例。算例结果表明,本文模型预测的变形与实际结构有限元分析给出的变形吻合较好。     

Analysis on Potential Conflict Frequency of Intersected Air Routes in Terminal Airspace Design

In order to obtain accurate conflict risks in terminal airspace design, the concept and calculation model of potential conflict frequency for intersected routes are proposed. Conflict frequency is represented by the product of horizontal conflict frequency and vertical conflict probability. The horizontal conflict frequency is derived from the probability density distribution of conflicts in a period of time. Based on the recorded radar trajectory data, the concept and model of ROUTE distance are proposed, and the probability density function of aircraft height at a specified ROUTE distance is deduced by kernel density estimation. Furthermore, vertical conflict probability and its horizontal distribution are achieved. Examples of three intersected arrival and departure route design schemes are studied. Compared with scheme 1, the conflict frequency values of the other two improved schemes decrease to 53 % and 24%, respectively. The results show that the model can quantify potential conflict frequency of intersec ted routes.     

跨大气层飞行器爬升段纵向飞行控制律和制导律设计

由于火箭发动机的巨大推力,跨大气层飞行器在爬升段加速很快,重量、重心、惯量、飞行速度以及飞行高度等参数变化剧烈,无法简单地用固定控制增益参数的形式来保证整个飞行包线内的飞行品质要求。根据飞行器的爬升特点和控制难点,在爬升段的飞行包线内选择典型设计点,分别进行纵向内外回路控制律的详细设计。采用控制增益参数随动压变化进行调参的方法,对爬升段飞行轨迹进行了数字仿真,结果表明设计的控制增益参数及控制律,满足了跨大气层飞行器爬升段的预定目标要求。