航天器反作用轮扰动建模及参数辨识

为预测反作用轮微振动对航天器产生的影响,提出了一种改进的扰动模型.由于共振造成的扰动放大是反作用轮扰动对卫星姿态精度的最重要影响,改进模型通过引入放大系数体现结构固有频率对扰动的影响.鉴于改进模型的非线性特性,应用模拟退火遗传算法对改进模型进行了参数辨识.设计刚性六分量力测试平台对反作用轮扰动进行测试,并利用实测数据对改进模型及参数辨识结果进行验证.验证结果表明:改进模型准确地反映了反作用轮的扰动特点,模拟退火遗传算法可以提高参数辨识的精度.     

机翼热气防冰系统设计

利用热流体系统仿真分析平台Flowmaster和计算流体力学软件Fluent进行联合仿真,对机翼热气防冰系统进行了设计和性能分析.设计参数包括防冰系统笛形管热气喷口孔径、孔数及孔间距等参数.基于Flowmaster对所设计的供气管路进行供气流量分配计算.基于Fluent模拟防冰腔内流动与换热,计算了防冰腔的热效率.根据防冰热载荷及热效率结果预测每段缝翼防冰所需热气流量,引入参数供气余度来分析防冰系统热性能.所提出的热气防冰系统设计方法可为热气防冰系统的工程设计与优化提供重要的帮助.     

激光位移传感器高速数据采集与处理系统设计

介绍了基于FPGA和单片机的激光位移传感器高速数据采集与处理系统的工作原理与软硬件设计,该系统采用FPGA作为核心控制器,主要完成A/D转换时钟控制、CCD像点位置提取、数据缓冲异步FIFO三部分功能。单片机负责键控、显示以及系统协调。这种基于FPGA和单片机的同步采集、实时读取采集数据的方案,可以提高系统采集和传输的速度。该硬件电路结构简单、成本低廉、可靠性高、功耗较低,满足了实际应用中的要求。     

基于动态RCS的无人机航迹实时规划

传统的无人机航迹规划主要采用仅考虑无人机与雷达距离的简化雷达威胁模型,未充分考虑无人机雷达散射截面RCS(Radar Cross-Section)随自身姿态角改变而产生的动态变化.据此,提出了无人机周向动态RCS模型,并建立了综合考虑无人机动态RCS与雷达距离的探测概率模型,利用遗传算法进行了基于动态RCS的航迹实时规划,计算结果与传统航迹规划结果进行了对比.仿真结果表明该模型的可行性和有效性,能充分利用无人机自身的优势规避威胁,满足无人机的航迹实时规划的要求.      

基于操纵面故障影响估计的安全飞行轨迹优化

操纵面故障将改变飞机受到的气动力和力矩,降低机动性能和控制能力,基于传统质点模型的航迹规划方法难以解决此类飞机安全飞行轨迹优化问题.因此,引入由故障引起的侧滑和侧力,估计故障后气动力系数,建立故障飞机模型;针对故障飞机控制和机动能力下降的问题,在原故障模型的基础上引入控制量变化率,构建轨迹优化对象模型,并将控制量变化率最小作为优化指标;采用高斯伪谱法优化计算安全飞行轨迹.仿真实验以副翼和方向舵故障为例进行设计,结果满足运动方程及各控制量、状态量约束,并能实现平稳飞行.     

Future of Space Astronomy: A global Road Map for the next decades

The use of space techniques continues to play a key role in the advance of astrophysics by providing access to the entire electromagnetic spectrum from radio to high energy γ rays. The increasing size, complexity and cost of large space observatories places a growing emphasis on international collaboration. Furthermore, combining existing and future datasets from space and “ground based” observatories is an emerging mode of powerful and relatively inexpensive research to address problems that can only be tackled by the application of large multi-wavelength observations. While the present set of astronomical facilities is impressive and covers the entire electromagnetic spectrum, with complementary space and “ground based” telescopes, the situation in the next 10–20 years is of critical concern. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), to be launched not earlier than 2018, is the only approved future major space astronomy mission. Other major highly recommended space astronomy missions, such as the Wide-field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST), the International X-ray Observatory (IXO), Large Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) and the Space Infrared Telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics (SPICA), have yet to be approved for development.     

组合航天器转动惯量在轨两步辨识标定

在轨辨识转动惯量参数是主动航天器与非合作空间目标构成组合体后实现高精度姿态控制的重要前提,文章提出了一种两步在轨辨识组合航天器转动惯量参数的方法。第一步以航天器本体坐标系滚动轴转动惯量为基准将转动惯量矩阵归一化,得到特殊的转动惯量比矩阵,建立与其相关的姿态动力学模型,提出了基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的在轨辨识算法,基于星上陀螺角速率测量信息在100s左右辨识出所有转动惯量比参数,克服了由于模型简单导致转动惯量信息辨识不完整的缺点;第二步基于第一步辨识得到的转动惯量比参数,采用最小二乘算法辨识得到滚动轴转动惯量值,计算量小,消耗能量少。最后给出仿真算例,辨识精度基本在1|之内,验证了方法的有效性。     

Powered-descent trajectory optimization scheme for Mars landing

This paper presents a trajectory optimization scheme for powered-descent phase of Mars landing with considerations of disturbance. Firstly, θ–D$\theta ''–''D$ method is applied to design a suboptimal control law with descent model in the absence of disturbance. Secondly, disturbance is estimated by disturbance observer, and the disturbance estimation is as feedforward compensation. Then, semi-global stability analysis of the composite controller consisting of the nonlinear suboptimal controller and the disturbance feedforward compensation is proposed. Finally, to verify the effectiveness of proposed control scheme, an application including relevant simulations on a Mars landing mission is demonstrated.     

PHITS simulations of the Protective curtain experiment onboard the Service module of ISS: Comparison with absorbed doses measured with TLDs

“Protective curtain” was the physical experiment onboard the International Space Station (ISS) aimed on radiation measurement of the dose – reducing effect of the additional shielding made of hygienic water-soaked wipes and towels placed on the wall in the crew cabin of the Service module Zvezda. The measurements were performed with 12 detector packages composed of thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs) and plastic nuclear track detectors (PNTDs) placed at the Protective curtain, so that they created pairs of shielded and unshielded detectors.     

不等温空腔的有效发射率计算

采用Monte-Carlo法对不等温空腔的有效发射率进行计算分析,讨论了腔壁的不等温性、材料的光谱发射率和方向发射率对法向有效发射率的影响,为黑体辐射源的设计提供了理论计算依据。