Deployment of a lander on the binary asteroid (175706) 1996 FG3, potential target of the european MarcoPolo-R sample return mission

The idea of deploying a lander on the secondary body of the binary primitive asteroid (175706) 1996 FG3 is investigated. 1996 FG3 is the backup target of the European sample return space mission MarcoPolo-R under assessment study at the European Space Agency in the framework of the M3 Medium-Class mission competition. The launch will take place in 2022–2024, depending on its selection at the end of 2013. A lander is indicated as an optional payload, depending on mass availability on the spacecraft. Obviously, the possible complexity of a lander deployment is also an important parameter to take into account. Here we demonstrate that, considering worst case scenarios and low requirements on the spacecraft GNC and deployment mechanism, the operations are easy to implement and safe for the main spacecraft. The concept of operations is to deploy a light lander from the L₂ Lagrange point of the binary system, on a ballistic trajectory that will impact the secondary asteroid. The fundamental principles of this strategy are briefly presented and a detailed model of 1996 FG3 is considered, to which the strategy is applied. We show that the deployment is successful in 99.94% of cases.     

三年上水平进程中廊坊市夜经济发展路径研究

2010年河北省召开了发展夜经济工作会议,把提高夜消费水平、做强夜经济作为当前扩大内需的一项重要工作来抓。夜经济是城市经济发展到特定阶段的反映,夜经济已成为一个城乡经济框架中的重要组成部分。在城镇建设三年上水平进程中,廊坊市城镇建设已经开始进入系统提升城市功能和品质,塑造城市特色上水平、出品位、生财富阶段。如何让夜经济发展成为廊坊市三年上水平进程中的有力推动者,本文就这一问题展开研究,进而提出相应的建议。     

月面探测器月夜生存方法研究

提出一种月面探测器月夜生存方法,将探测器月面模式分为月昼工作模式和月夜休眠模式,并设计实现两种模式间的可靠转换。在月夜休眠模式将探测器设备断电解决无光照无太阳阵功率的问题;利用放射性同位素热源解决月夜期间探测器的热源问题,保证设备的存储温度;通过设计休眠光照唤醒和休眠定时时钟唤醒两种冗余设计方法实现探测器两种模式的转换。该方法已通过试验验证,可以为其他深空探测任务提供参考和借鉴。     

钢筋混凝土结构钢筋腐蚀全过程的力学分析

将钢筋、锈层及周围混凝土简化为多层空心厚壁圆筒模型,分别采用弹性和弹塑性方法分析了钢筋均匀腐蚀过程(钢筋腐蚀引起混凝土胀裂、完全开裂、裂缝达到一定宽度)。在理论上通过分析钢筋腐蚀率、锈胀力及混凝土保护层内边缘位移的关系,建立了钢筋早期腐蚀过程中混凝土内边缘位移与腐蚀率的线性关系。     

考虑冲击缺陷的钛合金板的疲劳寿命预估

基于连续损伤力学理论,研究了含冲击凹坑缺陷的Ti-1023钛合金板的疲劳损伤问题。通过分析冲击损伤与疲劳损伤的共同作用以及应力场与损伤场的耦合作用,对含冲击凹坑的钛合金板的疲劳寿命进行了预估。首先,基于连续介质运动学理论,采用非线性动力学有限元分析软件进行冲击损伤的模拟,得到冲击凹坑处的残余应力场与塑性应变场。其次,根据塑性损伤方程,计算冲击凹坑局部的初始损伤场,并将其作为后续疲劳计算的初始条件。然后,采用Chaudonneret的多轴疲劳损伤力学模型建立损伤力学-有限元数值解法,以进行损伤演化过程的数值计算。最后,综合考虑残余应力场、塑性初始损伤和疲劳损伤的共同作用,对含冲击凹坑的钛合金板进行了疲劳寿命预估,并进行了相应的疲劳验证试验。结果表明,预估结果与试验结果相一致。所做研究为工程中采用损伤力学方法来预估含冲击损伤的结构的疲劳寿命提供了一种可行的方法。     

Dynamical cartography of Earth satellite orbits

We have carried out a numerical investigation of the coupled gravitational and non-gravitational perturbations acting on Earth satellite orbits in an extensive grid, covering the whole circumterrestrial space, using an appropriately modified version of the SWIFT symplectic integrator, which is suitable for long-term ($～$120?years) integrations of the non-averaged equations of motion. Hence, we characterize the long-term dynamics and the phase-space structure of the Earth-orbiter environment, starting from low altitudes ($～$400?km) and going up to the GEO region and beyond. This investigation was done in the framework of the EC-funded “ReDSHIFT” project, with the purpose of enabling the definition of passive debris removal strategies, based on the use of physical mechanisms inherent in the complex dynamics of the problem (i.e., resonances). Accordingly, the complicated interactions among resonances, generated by different perturbing forces (i.e., lunisolar gravity, solar radiation pressure, tesseral harmonics in the geopotential) are accurately depicted in our results, where we can identify the regions of phase space where the motion is regular and long-term stable and regions for which eccentricity growth and even instability due to chaotic behavior can emerge. The results are presented in an “atlas” of dynamical stability maps for different orbital zones, with a particular focus on the (drag-free) range of semimajor axes, where the perturbing effects of the Earth’s oblateness and lunisolar gravity are of comparable order. In some regions, the overlapping of the predominant lunisolar secular and semi-secular resonances furnish a number of interesting disposal hatches at moderate to low eccentricity orbits. All computations were repeated for an increased area-to-mass ratio, simulating the case of a satellite equipped with an on-board, area-augmenting device. We find that this would generally promote the deorbiting process, particularly at the transition region between LEO and MEO. Although direct reentry from very low eccentricities is very unlikely in most cases of interest, we find that a modest “delta-v” ($\mathrm{\Delta }V$) budget would be enough for satellites to be steered into a relatively short-lived resonance and achieve reentry into the Earth’s atmosphere within reasonable timescales ($～$50?years).     

Evaluation of mixed mode-I/II criteria for fatigue crack propagation using experiments and modeling

In this study, in-plane mixed mode-I/II fatigue crack growth simulations and experiments are performed for the Al 7075-T651 aluminum alloy which is widely used in the aerospace industry. Tests are carried out under different mode mixity ratios to evaluate the applicability of a fracture criterion developed in a previous study to mixed mode-I/II fatigue crack growth tests. Results obtained from the analyses and experiments are compared with existing and developed criteria in terms of crack growth lives. Compact Tension Shear (CTS) specimens, which enable mixed mode loading with loading devices under different loading angles, are used in the simulations and experiments. In an effort to model and simulate the actual conditions in the experiments, crack surfaces of fractured specimens are scanned, crack paths are modeled exactly, and contacts are defined between the contact surfaces of a specimen and the loading device for each crack propagation step in the analyses. Having computed the mixed mode stress intensity factors from the numerical analyses, propagation life cycles are predicted by existing and the developed mixed mode-I/II criteria and then compared with experimental results.     

X射线脉冲星自主导航的光子到达时间转换

根据广义相对论的后牛顿近似时空理论, 在忽略太阳系天体自转和扁率的情况下, 详细推导出X射线脉冲星自主导航中, 光子到达观测航天器和太阳系质心的时间差值, 它是对现行公式的修正．导出了质心坐标时与航天器固有时的变换关系, 根据这一关系, 建议在脉冲星导航的工程设计中可以仿照GPS, 将航天器携带时钟作频率调整, 从而有利于工程计算.      

PROBABILITY DAMAGE TOLERANCEEVALUATION METHOD FORMULTI-CRACKED STRUCTURE

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接管断裂失效概率估算的抽样方法研究

提出了用分层抽样－重要性抽样复合法计算接管的断裂失效概率，并与直接抽样的ＭｏｎｔｅＣａｒｌｏ法进行了比较，结果表明：用复合法计算接管断裂失效概率不但精度高，而且大幅度节省机时，提高效率。