Impact of the orbital eccentricity on the attitude performance before and after the deorbiting phase for Alsat-1

Due to the presence of periodic forcing terms in the gravity gradient torque, orbit eccentricity may produce large response for the roll, yaw and pitch angles. This paper investigates the influence of the orbit eccentricity on the performance of the attitude determination and control subsystem (ADCS) pointing of passive Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites stabilized by a gravity gradient boom or having long appendages before and after the deorbiting operation. The contribution of this work is twofold. First, the satellite attitude dynamics and kinematics are modeled by introducing the orbit eccentricity in the equations of motion of a LEO satellite in order to provide the best scenario in which satellite operators can keep the nominal functionality of LEO satellites with a gravity gradient boom after the deorbiting operation. Second, a Quaternion-based Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is analyzed when the orbit eccentricity is considered in order to determine the influence of this disturbance on the convergence and stability of the filter. The simulations in this work are based on the true parameters of Alsat-1 which is a typical LEO satellite stabilized by a gravity gradient boom. The results show that the orbit eccentricity has a big influence on the pointing system accuracy causing micro-vibrations that affect the geocentric pointing particularly after the deorbiting phase. In this case, satellites have no orbital correction option. The Quaternion-based Extended Kalman Filter analyzed in this paper, achieved satisfactory results for eccentricity values less than 0.4 with respect to pointing system accuracy. However, singularities were observed for eccentricity values greater than 0.4.     

A simplified approach to uncertainty quantification for orbits in impulsive deflection scenarios

For the majority of near-Earth Asteroid (NEA) impact scenarios, optimal deflection strategies use a massive impactor or a nuclear explosive, either of which produce an impulsive change to the orbit of the object. However, uncertainties regarding the object composition and the efficiency of the deflection event lead to a non-negligible uncertainty in the deflection delta-velocity. Propagating this uncertainty through the resulting orbit will create a positional uncertainty envelope at the original impact epoch. We calculate a simplified analytic evolution for impulsively deflected NEAs and perform a full propagation of uncertainties that is nonlinear in the deflection delta-velocity vector. This provides an understanding of both the optimal deflection velocities needed for a given scenario, as well as the resulting positional uncertainty and corresponding residual impact probability. Confidence of a successful deflection attempt as a function of launch opportunities is also discussed for a specific case.     

一种正负刚度并联低频隔振器的刚度和动力学特性分析

随着航空航天领域机械结构的大型化、柔性化发展,减振隔振愈发重要。设计了一种具有非线性刚度和非线性阻尼的正负刚度并联的低频隔振器,其负刚度特性和正刚度特性分别由两组倾斜弹簧和一根竖直弹簧实现;研究了隔振器的高静刚度低动刚度特性和阻尼特性,并对其隔振带宽进行分析,比较了分别由两组斜弹簧和一组斜弹簧实现负刚度的两种隔振器的刚度特性;利用谐波平衡法求解隔振器动力学响应,推导了隔振器振幅放大系数和振动传递率的表达式;通过数值仿真对比验证了谐波平衡法求解的系统响应的正确性,详细研究了所设计的正负刚度并联隔振器的刚度,阻尼及激励幅值等因素对振幅放大系数和振动传递率的影响     

轴对称推力矢量控制伺服机构空间运动解耦研究

针对由发动机摆动喷管矢量控制的两个伺服机构间的牵连效应导致的伺服机构运动耦合问题,提出了一种新型空间解耦计算方法。该方法利用欧拉角描述喷管姿态,通过空间齐次坐标变换矩阵原理对两路喷管伺服机构进行解耦计算,得到了两路伺服机构的伸长量解析解,确保了控制指令的精确,并通过ADAMS虚拟样机仿真验证了该计算方法的正确性。仿真实验结果表明,此计算方法与虚拟样机的仿真结果完全吻合,计算精度高,可以对喷管任意姿态进行运动精确控制。     

空间充气薄膜衍射成像结构的热力耦合分析

随着空间光学技术的发展,衍射成像系统成为空间光学领域的研究热点。提出了一种充气薄膜衍射成像结构设计方案,针对其在空间热载荷作用下的热力耦合效应开展研究。建立了充气薄膜衍射成像结构的热力耦合顺序分析框架,基于I DEAS和ANSYS软件二次开发技术,实现了热力耦合数值分析,得到了结构在轨运行时的瞬态温度场、热应力、热变形等。分析结果表明,充气支撑结构产生了较大热变形,但最大热应力远小于聚酰亚胺薄膜材料的抗拉强度,而镜面中心处没有出现较大的热变形响应,为充气薄膜衍射成像结构的防热设计提供了技术支持。     

弹体旋转对超音速射流元件的影响研究

研究了弹体旋转对超音速射流元件（SFE）的内部流场结构及输出推力特性的影响,并采用二维N—S方程以及RNG k-ε湍流模型,用计算流体力学（CFD）数值模拟方法和滑移网格技术进行了数值模拟。结果表明,弹体旋转对超音速射流元件内部流场结构几乎没有影响,而对姿态控制发动机的控制推力大小和方向的影响不容忽视。所得结论可为旋转弹姿态控制系统的总体设计以及超音速射流元件的结构及气动参数选择提供依据。     

推力协同的大柔性飞行器纵向姿态控制

为了研究大柔性飞行器飞行/结构耦合动力学特性,提出了改进的面向控制的大柔性飞行器多体模型,开展了大柔性飞行器纵向动力学耦合特性分析与推力协同下纵向姿态控制律设计。采用二面角动态近似描述大柔性飞行器结构动力学特征,并推导了纵向耦合动力学模型。根据改进模型在配平点处的线性化模型,分析了飞行/结构耦合系统的纵向稳定性与结构变形量之间的关系。针对大柔性飞行器姿态稳定与跟踪,设计了纵向姿态控制器。与常规飞行器相比,大柔性飞行器飞行过程中会发生大变形,当载荷较大时,配平构型近似“U”形,此时纵向动力学具有长周期不稳定的特征。分析结果表明:大柔性飞行器各模态之间的耦合程度随着变形的增大而增大。此外,纵向姿态控制需要升降舵与推力协同控制速度和俯仰角并且考虑结构动力学的影响,否则飞行/结构的耦合作用会导致姿态跟踪误差衰减缓慢甚至发散。      

显示多体动力学方程自动编制技术

为高效得到复杂柔性多体航天器的动力学方程解析表达式,研究了系统动力学方程自动编制技术。首先,基于Kane方法推导了构型简单的链状多体系统动力学显式方程;然后,根据方程中各项物理意义和分布规律,开发了适用于树状构型多体航天器的解析动力学方程输出程序,并运用Latex软件对输出文本进行二次编译,增强输出复杂数学公式的可读性。所得方法极大地简化了对此类航天器的建模工作。     

空间机械臂间隙影响分析

摘要： 为考察关节间隙和柔度对机械臂动力学行为的影响,分别建立平面二自由度和空间7自由度的机械臂刚柔耦合模型,应用ADAMS 软件采用间隙铰非线性弹簧阻尼模型,考虑臂杆柔度和间隙对动力学性能的影响,对两种机构进行动力学仿真分析.分析结果表明：臂杆柔度对位移影响较小,但角速度、角加速度曲线随柔度增加波动显著增大;由于间隙的存在,关节碰撞导致机械臂运动精度、角速度与角加速度随间隙显著增大.