气动静/动稳定性的相关性及粘性滞后时间的研究

风洞试验证实,物体的气动静稳定性和气动动稳定性之间,存在着反向演变现象。研究表明,它主要是绕流的粘性效应诱导的气动量和它们对物体姿态运动的时间滞后引起的,并且,该气动量中的静稳定性粘性诱导量和动稳定性诱导量之间是负相关的。本文给出了相关分析以及粘性诱导量之间的负相关模式,并用作者得到的风洞动态试验结果证明了上述负相关模式的实在性。此外,还根据上述风洞试验结果,计算了粘性动态相关因子Ｋｄ与粘性滞后的     

飞行器气动加热环境与结构响应耦合的热结构试验方法

阐述了将结构热试验和气动加热计算相结合,实现气动热分析与热试验相耦合的试验控制方法。为飞行器的气动加热和结构热响应耦合分析提供了一个解决思路,同时为结构热试验热载荷条件的制定提出了新的方法,对应用复杂防热结构的飞行器的气动热分析和结构热试验具有重要的意义。     

基于传热与压力损失的气-水换热器耦合设计

针对换热器设计中如何合理兼顾传热效率和压力损失的难题,以矩形流通截面的燃气-水列管式换热器为对象,从理论上分析了设计参数之间的内在联系,揭示了换热面积与燃气流通面积、横向管间距、换热管直径之间的匹配关系,建立了基于压力损失和传热计算的耦合设计方法。这种方法已成功应用于某大型燃气冷却器的设计,也可供其它换热器设计时参考。     

直流电弧等离子体炬数值模拟与诊断

直流电弧等离子体炬内部物理过程复杂且具动态性,较难对其进行准确描述与深入研究,且其工作温度较高,其状态参数难以使用常规方式测量。针对直流电弧等离子体炬,建立流动、传热和电磁相互耦合的数值模型,基于Fluent软件对直流电弧等离子体炬进行三维数值模拟和特性分析,设计并搭建了一套热焓探针实验系统,完成对直流电弧等离子体炬射流参数的测量分析。结果表明:建立的数值模型模拟结果与实验测量结果吻合较好,误差在10%以内;炬内温度与速度最大值与工作气流量呈正相关,均出现在靠近阴极区域,且沿轴线逐渐降低;等离子体炬内高温区与高电流密度区重合。     

Recent active thermal management technologies for the development of energy-optimized aerospace vehicles in China

Recently, the development of modern vehicles has brought about aggressive integration and miniaturization of on-board electrical and electronic devices. It will lead to exponential growth in both the overall waste heat and heat flux to be dissipated to maintain the devices within a safe temperature range. However, both the total heat sinks aboard and the cooling capacity of currently utilized thermal control strategy are severely limited, which threatens the lifetime of the on-board equipment and even the entire flight system and shrink the vehicle’s flight time and range. Facing these thermal challenges, the USA proposed the program of “INVENT” to maximize utilities of the available heat sinks and enhance the cooling ability of thermal control strategies. Following the efforts done by the USA researchers, scientists in China fought their ways to develop thermal management technologies for Chinese advanced energy-optimized airplanes and spacecraft. This paper elaborates the available on-board heat sinks and aerospace thermal management systems using both active and passive technologies not confined to the technology in China. Subsequently, active thermal management technologies in China including fuel thermal management system, environment control system, non-fuel liquid cooling strategy are reviewed. At last, space thermal control technologies used in Chinese Space Station and Chang’e-3 and to be used in Chang’e-5 are introduced. Key issues to be solved are also identified, which could facilitate the development of aerospace thermal control techniques across the world.     

Time delay compensation in lateral-directional flight control systems at high angles of attack

The previous studies of time delay compensation in flight control systems are all based on the conventional aerodynamic derivative model and conducted in longitudinal motions at low angles of attack. In this investigation, the effects of time delay on the lateral-directional stability augmentation system in high-α regime are discussed based on the $\dot{\beta }$ model, which is proposed in our previous work and proved as a more accurate aerodynamic model to reveal the lateral-directional unsteady aerodynamic characteristics at high angles of attack. Both the $\dot{\beta }$ model and the quasi-steady model are used for simulating the effects of time delay on the flying qualities in high-α maneuvers. The comparison between the simulation results shows that the flying qualities are much more sensitive to the mismatch of feedback gains than the state errors caused by time delay. Then a typical adaptive controller based on the conventional dynamic derivative model and a gain-prediction compensator based on $\dot{\beta }$ model are designed to address the time delay in different maneuvers. The simulation results show that the gain-prediction compensator is much simpler and more efficient at high angles of attack. Finally, the gain-prediction compensator is combined with a linearized $\dot{\beta }$ model reference adaptive controller to compensate the adverse effects of very large time delay, which exhibits excellent performance when addressing the extreme conditions at high angles of attack.     

某燃气轮机试车中振动值渐增故障分析

某型燃气轮机在长试过程中发生压气机测点振动值逐渐增大,而涡轮截面测点的振动值无明显变化的现象.结合采取的排故措施,对支承刚度变化、联轴器不对中以及膜片联轴器对整机振动响应的影响规律进行了计算和试验验证,对故障原因进行了分析,认为振动异常的主要原因是整机支撑结构发生松动,进而导致联轴器不对中.     

复合材料层板固化全过程残余应变/应力的数值模拟

采用商业软件对带有铝板的复合材料层板固化全过程残余应变/应力进行数值模拟计算。在固化过程的模拟中,应用有限元法计算复合材料层板热-化学模型,有限差分法计算固化动力学模型,通过设置较小的时间步实现求解两个模型强耦合的关系。在残余应力数值模拟中,化学收缩引起的应变在每一计算步以初始应变施加在复合材料结构上。基于以上技术,对带有铝合金的复合材料层板固化全过程残余应变/应力演化进行数值模拟,并分析纤维方向和垂直纤维方向复合材料的残余应变/应力演化历程。通过与试验中层板曲率的比较,验证文中模型计算的准确性。     

采用流固耦合方法的整级叶片鸟撞击数值模拟

利用MSC.DYTRAN软件建立了鸟撞航空发动机叶片转子级瞬态动力学有限元模型,采用流固耦合算法,模拟受气动和离心载荷作用并稳定旋转的发动机转子叶片,遭受不同鸟体撞击的瞬态响应过程.计算结果表明:鸟体撞击会使叶片产生巨大的瞬时冲击应力;鸟体速度、密度和尺寸的增加,将迅速增加叶片的冲击应力峰值,当叶片硬化和变形能力达到充分发展后,冲击应力峰值的增加速度会变慢;同时,叶片材料静态硬化模量的增加也会提高冲击应力峰值,而静态屈服强度的增加则会减小冲击峰的作用时间.最后还进一步模拟了鸟撞使叶片发生失效破坏的过程.      

一种简化算法的航空发动机全状态数学模型

通过一种简化的燃气空间模型对某型双转子混排加力涡扇发动机各部件进行了建模和仿真计算,并给出了详细的计算流程以及数学公式.在仿真过程中结合实际工程应用经验,对涡轮处采用一个局部的小循环迭代以减小涡轮部件内燃气空间计算的时间步长,提高计算精度.与其他数值方法相比,该简化算法避免了求解非线性方程组时大范围的循环迭代,提高了全状态数学模型的计算速度.通过仿真结果与发动机实际试车数据的对比,证明该方法有足够的计算精度.