FGH97粉末冶金高温合金热处理工艺和组织性能的研究

对采用两种制度热处理的FGH97镍基高温合金进行了组织性能对比.结果表明,固溶淬火和时效温度、保温时间及冷却方式直接影响该合金中γ'强化相、不同类型碳化物等析出相的形貌、尺寸、数量和分布.两种制度热处理后的试样中γ'相和碳化物的不同匹配度,决定其各自具备良好的综合力学性能.制度Ⅰ试样的拉伸和持久塑性和750℃持久性能高于制度Ⅱ;制度Ⅱ试样的拉伸强度、650℃持久强度以及抗蠕变性和低周疲劳性能高于制度Ⅰ.     

基于Mn3+浓度和形貌控制的高性能LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4正极材料

为了改善高电压镍锰酸锂(LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4)材料的电化学性能,提出利用退火热处理过程调控Mn~(3+)含量和材料形貌来制备LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4正极材料。LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4材料的电性能是材料结构、形貌等多因素影响的结果。退火热处理有助于Mn~(3+)氧化成Mn~(4+),实现Mn~(3+)含量调控。退火后材料的空间结构由Fd3m向P4_332转变,且具有微米级多面体形貌,有效提高了循环稳定性和放电平台。研究表明:700℃退火保温15 h合成的材料在20 C下具有118 mAh·g~(-1)放电比容量,循环100次容量保持率提高到92.8%。因此,通过优化Mn~(3+)含量、控制材料形貌可以实现高性能LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4材料制备。     

反铁电陶瓷PLZST纳米粉的制备研究

利用溶胶-水热法制备了PLZST纳米粉,并研究了反应温度、铅过量等因素对产物的影响.溶胶处理确实可以降低制备温度.利用XRD 分析了粉体的结晶性, XRF分析了粉体的化学组成,SEM观察了粉体的形貌以及SAXS测定了粉体的粒度分布.研究发现,经一般超声分散的粉体的颗粒呈球形,而不经分散的粉体颗粒成矩形,表现出自组装的倾向性.     

A new algorithm for optical observations of space debris with the TAROT telescopes

Since 2004, we observe satellites in the geostationary orbit with a network of robotic ground based fully automated telescopes called TAROT. One of them is located in France and the second at ESO, La Silla, Chile. The system processes the data in real time. Its wide field of view is useful for the discovery, the systematic survey and for the tracking of both catalogued and un-catalogued objects. We present a new source extraction algorithm based on morphological mathematic, which has been tested and is currently under implementation in the standard pipeline. Using this method, the observation strategy will correlate the measurements of the same object on successive images and give better detection rate and false alarm rate than the previous one. The overall efficiency and quality of the survey of the geostationary orbit has drastically improved and we can now detect satellites and debris in different orbits like Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO). Results obtained in real conditions with TAROT are presented.     

Zn-Cr2AlC复合材料的制备与摩擦磨损性能

为改善金属Zn的摩擦磨损性能,采用热压法制备Cr₂AlC陶瓷颗粒增强Zn基复合材料,并研究了Cr₂AlC质量分数对复合材料的金相组织、维氏硬度、相对密度及摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明,复合材料的硬度随着Cr₂AlC质量分数的适量增加而明显升高。当Cr₂AlC的质量分数达到20%时,复合材料的硬度是纯Zn的1.52倍。摩擦磨损实验表明,Cr₂AlC颗粒的引入,可显著改善复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,摩擦系数由纯Zn的0.75降到Zn-20%Cr₂AlC的0.65,Zn-30%Cr₂AlC的磨损率相比纯Zn下降了80.54%。分析磨损表面形貌,得出其磨损类型为磨粒磨损和剥层磨损。     

红外航空图像自动目标识别的形态滤波神经网络算法

 提出了一种有实用意义的形态滤波神经网络模型及其自适应 BP学习算法。形态滤波网络的优化设计过程实际上是网络参数 (结构元素 )不断调整、逐步适应图像环境的优化学习过程,从而将目标客体的特征规律反映到网络结构上来,以实现对复杂变化的图像具有良好的滤波性能和稳健的适应能力。为结合运动图像目标的检测需要,采用了渐进收缩误差、适时校正网络权值的动态跟踪学习算法。通过实验结果可以看出,该算法不仅能适应复杂多样的背景环境,而且对运动目标的连续检测能力具有位移不变、伸缩不变和旋转不变的特性。     

Modeling high-speed cutting of SiCp/Al composites using a semi-phenomenologically based damage model

In this paper, we attempts to investigate cutting mechanisms in high-speed cutting of Al6061/SiC_p/15p composites using a semi-phenomenologically based damage model in the equivalent homogeneous material (EHM) framework. By combining macroscale EHM modeling and underlying microscale physical mechanisms, a feasible semi-phenomenological plastic model is proposed for prediction of cutting forces and chip morphology during high-speed turning Al6061/SiC_p/15p composites. This model incorporates the modified Weibull weakest-link effect to represent the strain-based damage evolution in large deformations. This proposed semi-phenomenological constitutive model is implemented by compiling material subroutines into cutting finite element (FE) codes. The effects of the critical shear stresses on chip formation that depend on the tool-chip frictional coefficient are accounted for in the cutting FE model. The chip formation mechanism affecting material removal behaviors during high-speed turning is further investigated. The capabilities of the proposed constitutive model are evaluated by comparing cutting forces and chip morphologies between experiments and simulations at different cutting speeds associated with strain rates. The EHM-based and microstructure-based models are further compared in both computational efficiency and accuracy. The simulation results show that the developed semi-phenomenological constitutive formalism and cutting model are promising and efficient tools for further investigation of dynamic mechanical and cutting behaviors of particle-reinforced composites with different volume fraction and particle size.     

基于数学形态学的图像边缘检测技术

边缘检测通常是用类似于素描图的图像表达出物体的要素和特征。实际图像中,边缘由灰度突变的象素点组成,在数字图像处理和分析中具有重要的作用。本文综合国内外最新文献资料,分析了多种基于数学形态学的边缘检测技术:基于多尺度形态学的边缘检测、基于数学形态学多极平均的图像的边缘检测、基于偏微分方程的形态学的边缘检测、基于均衡化和数学形态学的组合边缘检测、基于坐标逻辑的多结构元图像边缘检测等技术,并综合比较了其优缺点,探讨了其发展方向。     

AF1410钢电子束焊接接头组织及性能研究

采用电子束扫描焊和修饰焊工艺对5mm AF1410钢板进行电子束焊接。针对热处理前、后的接头,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、硬度仪等对其组织、硬度及拉伸断口进行分析。结果表明:接头热影响区分为浅腐蚀区和深腐蚀区,分别为单一马氏体(M)、M+少量逆转奥氏体(Ar)组织;焊缝区柱状晶分为重熔区、正火区和回火区,晶内为马氏体,晶界附近为残留奥氏体。热处理后,接头组织、显微硬度与母材趋于一致,抗拉强度也达到了母材98%以上,失效裂纹始于热影响区,呈约60°方向扩展并贯穿整个接头。     

切削参数对Ti-6Al-4V锻件与粉末冶金工件表面粗糙度的影响对比

文摘表征了已加工Ti-6Al-4V锻件和粉末冶金工件表面形貌,利用正交回归试验得到了两种材料表面粗糙度值的数学模型,经过显著性检验两个数学模型能够准确地预测表面粗糙度值变化趋势。结果表明,Ti-6Al-4V锻件表面出现了进给划痕、切屑碎片和表面撕裂缺陷,粉末冶金材料表面出现了除了进给划痕、切屑碎片和撕裂外的微孔隙缺陷;两种工件表面粗糙度值均受到进给量的影响程度最大,同时粉末冶金材料内部残余微孔隙的存在导致切削速度对其表面粗糙度值的影响程度比较大。