基于ICT图像的航空发动机涡轮叶片壁厚尺寸精密测量方法

为保障航空发动机的可靠性,要求精确测量发动机叶片不同界面处的内、外表面法线方向的厚度。为此,研究了一种基于ICT图像的叶片壁厚尺寸亚像素级精密测量方法。它采用边界提取技术确定叶片内、外表面法线的方向;应用亚像素级边界定位技术,在该法线方向,定位壁厚的起始边界点和终止边界点;然后,计算两个边界点坐标位置差,获得以像素为单位的壁厚尺寸;最后,对像素尺寸进行标定,获得以毫米为单位的壁厚尺寸。试验结果表明,本文方法实际测量精度达到0.2个像素和0.042mm。     

Optimal assimilation for ionospheric weather – Theoretical aspect

Observation, specification and prediction of ionospheric weather are the key scientific pursuits of space physicists, which largely based on an optimal assimilation system. The optimal assimilation system, or commonly called data assimilation system, consists of dynamic process, observation system and optimal estimation procedure. We attempt to give a complete framework in this paper under which the data assimilation procedure carries through. We discuss some crucial issues of data assimilation as follows: modeling a dynamic system for ionospheric weather; state estimation for static or steady system in sense of optimization and likelihood; state and its uncertainty estimation for dynamic process. Meanwhile we also discuss briefly the observability of an observation system; system parameter identification. Some data assimilation procedures existed at present are reviewed in the framework of this paper. As an example, a second order dynamic system is discussed in more detail to illustrate the specific optimal assimilation procedure, ranging from modeling the system, state and its uncertainty calculation, to the quantitatively integration of dynamic law, measurement to significantly reduce the estimation error. The analysis shows that the optimal assimilation model, with mathematical core of optimal estimation, differs from the theoretical, empirical and semi-empirical models in assimilating measured data, being constrained by physical law and being optimized respectively. The data assimilation technique, due to its optimization and integration feature, could obtain better accurate results than those obtained by dynamic process, measurement or their statistical analysis alone. The model based on optimal assimilation meets well with the criterion of the model or algorithm assessment by ‘space weather metrics’. More attention for optimal assimilation procedure creation should be paid to transition matrix finding, which is usually not easy for practical space weather system. High performance computing hardware and software studies should be promoted further so as to meet the requirement of large storage and extensive computation in the optimal estimation. The discussion in this paper is appropriate for the static or steady state or transition process of dynamic system. Many phenomena in space environment are unstable and chaos. So space environment study should include and integrate these two branches of learning. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

迈克耳孙干涉仪读数器的设计

迈克耳孙干涉实验常用来进行精密测量，在测量中对条纹移动数量的计数直接决定着测量结果。应用光纤传感器及电子电路制作的读数装置，能记录干涉条纹在任一单方向移动的相对数目。它结构简单，具有实用性，使实验人员从烦琐的读数测量工作中解脱出来。它还适用于其它干涉条纹实验的自动读数之用。     

微机电惯性测量元件在导航系统的应用研究

介绍了微机电(MEMS)惯性测量元件(IMU)的基本情况，总结了误差主要来源，根据公开文献介绍的性能测试参数，建立了动态误差模型，并与GPS测量的速度和位置组合，进行了导航系统的数学仿真。仿真结果表明，MEMS—IMU尚不能独立构成导航系统，但与GPS组合，则可满足低精度的导航要求。     

旋转系下的实时压力测量方法研究

航空发动机旋转盘表面的压力测量需要压力传感器与旋转盘一同旋转,因此压力传感器在感受测点压力的同时,其感压膜片还将受到旋转离心力的影响。为了能使压力传感器能反应真实被测点的压力值,在旋转设备上的压力传感器的实时标定技术成为解决这一问题的关键。本文利用空气柱在离心力场中的理论压差给出了旋转状态下的标准压力,进而对传感器进行了实时标定。      

飞机发动机排气污染物的测量

参考国际民航组织（ICAO）颁布的“飞机发动机排放”条例的规定,设计并建立了民用航空发动机排气污染物测量系统,采用自行推算的样气成分“干基”向“湿基”转换的修正公式,编写排放物EI的计算程序。在民航维修基地（AMECO公司）的试车台对二台JT3D-7型发动机进行排气污染物的实测,测出的各类污染物的排放指数EI_CO,EI_HC,EI_NOx及冒烟数SN,并与JT3D-7型发动机公布的数据进行对比,测量系统的精度按标准规定用燃气分析测出的气油比与发动机实测的气油比进行比较小于10％～15％的均属于合格,本研究的系统的测量值与发动机所测的总气油量之比的误差在3％左右,证明此测量系统和测量技术切实可行。      

加强软件质量控制,提高军用软件的可靠性水平

针对军用软件在质量和可靠性方面存在的问题，提出了提高军用软件质量和可靠性的措施和方法。     

航空电子计量校准述评

讨论了航空电子系统的含义，介绍了航空电子校准的内涵、范围、目的，讨论了航空电子校准的现状、发展目标。结合现状，对于航空计量部门介入航空电子校准，提出了几点原则和建议。     

光笔式无导轨三坐标测量系统的研究

提出一种非正交系统(俗称无机械导轨),利用位置敏感探测器PSD交汇成像实现三坐标测量,其测量头为一支带有点光源的笔,故称“光笔式无导轨三坐标测量系统”。文章阐述了该系统的结构设计理论及测量原理。     

光学内反射测角方法及其在精密测试中的应用

总结了基于光学内反射测角法的微小角度测量的基本原理、特性、发展现状以及其在精密测试中的应用。