Influence of land surface parameters on the spatio-seasonal land surface temperature regime in rural West Bengal,India

The magnitude and causes of changes in the land surface temperature of rural areas have not been extensively studied. The thermal band of Landsat imagery is taken to extract winter, summer, and monsoon season land surface temperature (LST) and relate it to surface parameters over a 30-year period. From the extracted parameters constructed a prospective surface temperature (PST) model using Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines. The Chandrabhaga river basin in West Bengal of the lateritic Rarh Tract at the Chota Nagpur Plateau fringe was chosen as the study area because it is far from urban influences, to avoid the well-known heat island effect. Over the study period, summer and winter average LST increased linearly by 0.085?°C/y and 0.016?°C/y respectively. These results were validated with air temperature (RMSE?=?x and y, respectively). Over time more of the area is in the higher temperature zones, e.g., in April 2011, 4% area exceeded >32°, whereas in 2015 this proportion reached 52%. PST models of all the seasons were moderate to highly correlate (0.57–0.87) with actual LST, showing the value of this model. It also revealed the relative importance of the regional factors. Based on this information factor management is a scientific step to restrict or minimize the temperature rise effect.     

HASDM修正方法分析与评估

分析Jacchia70（J70）热层模式原理、美国空军高精度卫星拖曳模型（HASDM）的修正方法及选取球面调和函数的原因.推导模式密度对球谐系数（SH）的偏导数,给出利用模式密度泰勒展开进行线性化处理、迭代求解球谐系数的具体过程.针对2003年10月29日大磁暴事件,基于CHAMP和GRACE A/B卫星加速度计实测密度,进行修正方法的性能评估.统计相对误差的均值及标准差变化：改进前分别为-81.7%,74.4%;改进后分别为-5.9%,53.1%,验证了改进算法的有效性.从热层上下边界温度角度,详细分析了热层模式动态修正原理,研究结果为类HASDM修正模式的工程应用提供了理论基础.     

声发射信号的时序分析法在磨削烧伤预报中的应用研究

高温合金、表面硬化钢、钛合金等难加工材料，由于具有热稳定性好、热强度高、耐腐蚀、抗磨损性能好等特点，因而被广泛应用于航空航天等工业部门中。但该类材料在磨削加工中极易出现磨削烧伤现象，降低了工件表面完整性，对零件的使用性能产生不利的影响，制约生产率的提高。本文在对高温合金（ＤＺ４）磨削过程中产生的声发射信号特性进行深入分析的基础上，应用时序分析法，建立起关于磨削过程中声发射信号的自回归时序模型，探讨磨削烧伤的在线监测和预报。研究结果表明，声发射信号功率谱结构变化能真正反映磨削烧伤发生与否，自日归时序模型参数及残差方差对工件表面状态变化敏感，均可作为特征参量进行磨削烧伤在线预报。     

CAD／CAE／CAM集成系统的数据结构研究与实现

数据结构设计是ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＥ／ＣＡＭ集成系统的关键技术，数据结构的好坏直接影响集成系统的性能。本文以几何模型、绘图模型及分析模型的数据结构为例，论述了集成系统中各模块的数据结构的基本内容及其相互关系，提出了一种多模型下分模型管理的统一数据结构的设计思想，其最大特点是用统一的数据库进行管理，各模型间数据的相互利用是直接引用，从而保证数据的完整性和一致性，减少数据冗度。并以局部数据结构为例，说明了数据     

发动机磨屑尺寸的分布模型及其应用

磨屑分析是研究零件摩擦表面破坏机理、监测机械磨损状态的主要方法之一。本文研制了一种将微机图象处理技术应用于铁谱技术的磨屑显微分析系统。根据对ＷＺ－６航空发动机长试过程的监测研究，提出了机械磨损磨屑尺寸的Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布规律、研究证实，Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ函数的参数、磨粒分布的均值和方差等特征能够清楚地指示出发动机工作过程中的磨损类型和程度。在此基础上，本文以统计检验和Ｊ散度指标为依据，探讨了航空发动机运行时的磨损状态监测和故障诊断的方法。     

An inverse design method for supercritical airfoil based on conditional generative models

Inverse design has long been an efficient and powerful design tool in the aircraft industry.In this paper, a novel inverse design method for supercritical airfoils is proposed based on generative models in deep learning. A Conditional Variational Auto Encoder(CVAE) and an integrated generative network CVAE-GAN that combines the CVAE with the Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks(WGAN), are conducted as generative models. They are used to generate target wall Mach distributions for the inve...     

Heading south with a north-up map: A choice processing analysis of map alignment effects

This study employed an information accumulation model of choice reaction times to investigate alignment effects in mental representations of maps. University students studied a map from a single orientation (with north at the top). In a subsequent two-choice reaction time task, the students’ spatial knowledge of the map was assessed employing spatial left/right judgments, which were made from imagined perspectives that were either north-aligned or south-aligned. Data showed a standard alignment effect, favoring north- over south-aligned trials. To examine the locus of this effect, data were fit using the Linear Ballistic Accumulator (LBA) model of speeded decisions (Brown & Heathcote, 2008). Of interest were three model parameters: drift rate, the speed at which evidence accumulates toward a response; response threshold, the amount of evidence demanded from the decision maker before selecting a response; and non-decision time, the time consumed by pre- and postdecisional processes. The best-fitting model suggested that non-decision time accounted for the alignment effect. The difference in non-decision time between north and south-aligned judgments suggests a mental alignment stage on south-aligned trials, accounting for the longer reaction times for judgements misaligned with the presented north orientation of the map.     

中介关系数据库查询语言

给出了中介关系数据模型,在此基础上构造了两类不同的中介关系数据库查询语言,中介关系演算和中介关系代数,中介关系演算以中介谓词演算ＭＦ为基础,通过引入直值程度词〈对立否定词和模糊否定词～扩充了关系演算的表达能力,同样地,中介关系代数以中介集合论ＭＳ为基础,扩充了关系代数的功能,此外,证明了中介关系演算和中介关系代数的语言表达能力上的等价性,中介关系演算和中介关系代数可作为研究模糊数据库理论的工具。     

Where is the base of the Transition Region? Evidence from TRACE,SDO, IRIS and ALMA observations

Classic solar atmospheric models put the Chromosphere-Corona Transition Region (CCTR) at $～2$ Mm above the ${\tau }_{5000}=1$ level, whereas radiative MHD (rMHD) models place the CCTR in a wider range of heights. However, observational verification is scarce. In this work we review and discuss recent results from various instruments and spectral domains. In SDO and TRACE images spicules appear in emission in the 1600, 1700 and 304 Å bands and in absorption in the EUV bands; the latter is due to photo-ionization of H i and He i, which increases with wavelength. At the shortest available AIA wavelength and taking into account that the photospheric limb is $～0.34$ Mm above the ${\tau }_{5000}=1$ level, we found that CCTR emission starts at $～3.7$ Mm; extrapolating to $\lambda =0$, where there is no chromospheric absorption, we deduced a height of $3.0\pm 0.5$ Mm, which is above the value of 2.14 Mm of the Avrett and Loeser model. Another indicator of the extent of the chromosphere is the height of the network structures. Height differences produce a limbward shift of features with respect to the position of their counterparts in magnetograms. Using this approach, we measured heights of $0.14\pm 0.04$ Mm (at 1700 Å), $0.31\pm 0.09$ Mm (at 1600 Å) and $3.31\pm 0.18$ Mm (at 304 Å) for the center of the solar disk. A previously reported possible solar cycle variation is not confirmed. A third indicator is the position of the limb in the UV, where IRIS observations of the Mg ii triplet lines show that they extend up to $～2.1$ Mm above the 2832 Å limb, while AIA/SDO images give a limb height of $1.4\pm 0.2$ Mm (1600 Å) and $5.7\pm 0.2$ Mm (304 Å). Finally, ALMA mm-$\lambda$ full-disk images provide useful diagnostics, though not very accurate, due to their relatively low resolution; values of $2.4\pm 0.7$ Mm at 1.26 mm and $4.2\pm 2.5$ Mm at 3 mm were obtained. Putting everything together, we conclude that the average chromosphere extends higher than homogeneous models predict, but within the range of rMHD models..