DSP课程实践教学研究

实践教学是DSP教学的重要组成部分。以实例项目导入方式,设计了DSP实践教学内容,给出了相应的系统组成、硬件原理图以及系统的特点。同时从实验室开放和结合科研两个方面,探讨了实践教学方法。对于深化DSP课程实践教学改革有着很好的指导意义。     

基于弱目标积累检测的MSK-LFM一体化信号性能分析

通信数据会改变最小频移键控-线性调频(MSK-LFM)雷达通信一体化信号的模糊函数,影响回波的相参积累性能和雷达的弱目标检测性能。分析了MSK-LFM一体化信号的脉冲压缩处理过程,提出了通过设置每个脉冲传输不同数量的通信数据,即通信数据长度不同,来提高检测概率;同时分析了MSK-LFM信号的相参积累效果,结果表明,对于同一距离门的目标,不同脉冲间的相位改变只由多普勒频率引起;最后通过仿真实验对MSK-LFM信号在非理想情况下通信数据长度相同或不同时的检测概率进行了比较,同时与相同条件下直接序列chirp扩频(DS-CSS)一体化信号进行了对比分析。仿真结果表明:MSK-LFM信号在非理想情况下通信数据长度不同时的检测概率优于通信数据长度相同时的检测概率,同时也优于DS-CSS信号的检测概率。     

新型GNSS信号波形设计

在发射带宽严格受限的约束下连续函数波形信号较传统矩形波形表现出了较高的频谱利用率优势和优良性能,很有可能应用到未来的全球卫星导航系统(GNSS,Global Navigation Satellite System)信号体制中.在建立导航信号波形设计准则的理论模型基础上,研究了7种可能适用于未来GNSS系统的新型信号波形,在典型的宽/窄发射带宽条件下,通过仿真评估了传统GNSS信号和新型GNSS信号的精度、抗多径、抗干扰等性能,优选出BOCc和MSK两种适用于不同环境的信号波形: 在频谱资源充足的情况下,BOCc信号具有最优的导航性能;在频率资源受限的情况下,MSK信号兼容性好,抗干扰能力强,拥有较好的导航性能.最后,结合两类信号波形的优缺点提出了我国新一代卫星导航系统信号波形设计的建议.     

大型民用飞机前轮操纵转弯特性仿真

在ADAMS/aircraft软件中,以波音757为例分别建立了飞机前起和主起模型,并与刚性机身装配成完整的波音757模型,基于此模型进行地面滑行转弯仿真,分析了前轮最大操纵角与滑行速度的关系,给出了不同速度下的最小转弯半径的仿真数据。     

基于CEEMDAN的雷达信号脉内细微特征提取法

有效的信号特征提取是高精度雷达辐射源识别的基础,以脉冲描述字为代表的传统特征已无法满足复杂电磁环境的需要。本文提出一种基于自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解（CEEMDAN）的有效雷达辐射源脉内细微特征提取算法。雷达信号由对非平稳、非线性信号尤为有效的CEEMDAN分解产生的个别分量重构,抑噪效果通过1 000次蒙特卡罗实验得到验证,同时设计基于该重构的一种脉内特征空间。本文方法与主流特征提取方法的识别精度在6部雷达辐射源产生的3 000个不同脉内调制的加噪信号样本上进行了实验对比,结果表明不同种类信号样本在本文特征空间中清晰可分,本文方法较之主流方法更加精确,尤其在0 dB信噪比（SNR）下仍保持90%以上的高精度。      

A Weighted Inner Product Estimator in the Geometric Algebra of Euclidean 3-Space for Source Localization Using an EM Vector-sensor

In this paper, the source localization by utilizing the measurements of a single electromagnetic (EM) vector-sensor is investigated in the framework of the geometric algebra of Euclidean 3-space. In order to describe the orthogonality among the electric and magnetic measurements, two multivectors of the geometric algebra of Euclidean 3-space (G3) are used to model the outputs of a spatially collocated EM vector-sensor. Two estimators for the wave propagation vector estimation are then formulated by the inner product between a vector and a bivector in the G3. Since the information used by the two estimators is different, a weighted inner product estimator is then proposed to fuse the two estimators together in the sense of the minimum mean square error (MMSE). Analytical results show that the statistical performances of the weighted inner product estimator are always better than its traditional cross product counterpart. The efficacy of the weighted inner product estimator and the correctness of the analytical predictions are demonstrated by simulation results.     

有限推力能量、燃料最优轨道转移控制

应用间接法研究了时间固定下的能量、燃料以及能量-燃料最优有限推力轨道转移控制问题.燃料最优问题因存在奇异性而不易处理,引入能量性能指标可以消除奇异性,应用ε算法寻求解决了燃料最优轨道转移问题.应用极小值原理,设计了最优控制器,应用单值打靶法研究了相应轨迹优化问题转化的两点边值问题.数值结果表明在相同推力、相同轨道转移时间条件下,三种最优控制方式得到的最优轨迹几乎相同;同时也表明给定初始和目标轨道,轨道转移任务消耗的燃料是确定的,推力大小只影响轨道转移的圈数.     

基于矩阵奇异值理论的颤振分析新方法

根据颤振分析的基本概念,提出了一类基于矩阵奇异值理论的颤振分析新方法。该方法的特点是,以计算颤振矩阵最小奇异值或条件数的倒数来直接搜索颤振临界点。证明了这两个指标在颤振临界点处的等价性。根据指标在颤振临界点附近取极小值的特点,编制了相应的算法,在确定颤振临界点时无需计算颤振特征根,避免了“窜支”问题,从而减少了人工干预,提高了计算自动化程度。数值算例结果表明,采用该方法计算得到的颤振临界速度和颤振频率与p-k法计算结果的精度相当,且两个指标对应的计算结果一致,验证了其等价性。     

A robust semi-analytic method to solve the minimum ΔV two-impulse rendezvous problem

A novel semi-analytic approach is developed to determine the minimum $\mathrm{\Delta }V$ for a two-impulse rendezvous and validated both empirically and analytically. A previously published closed-form $\mathrm{\Delta }V$ estimate and the Lambert minimum energy transfer is used to establish upper and lower bounds of the minimum $\mathrm{\Delta }V$ transfer between two orbits. These bounds, in conjunction with the bisection method, operate on a nonlinear radical cost function to guarantee linear convergence. This approach has several real world applications including a low earth orbit (LEO) to highly elliptical orbit (HEO), and a HEO to retrograde geosynchronous orbit transfer. The minimum $\mathrm{\Delta }V$ estimates are better than those reported in the existing literature, while run times improved as much as two orders of magnitude over a fixed time Lambert solver. All singularity cases were addressed such that any orbital geometry, including Hohmann and radial elliptic transfers, converged to the global minimum $\mathrm{\Delta }V$. This approach will work for both coplanar and non-coplanar 3D geometries for any orbit type.     

Milling surface roughness for 7050 aluminum alloy cavity influenced by nozzle position of nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication

In nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication (NMQL) milling of aviation aluminum alloy, it is the bottleneck problem to adjust the position parameters (target distance, incidence angle, and elevation angle) of the nozzle to improve the surface roughness of milling, which has large and uncontrollable errors. In this paper, the influence law of milling cutter speed, helical angle, and cavity shape on the flow field around the milling cutter was studied, and the optimal nozzle profile parameters were obtained. Using 7050 aluminum alloy as the workpiece material, the milling experiment of the NMQL cavity was conducted by utilizing cottonseed oil-based Al₂O₃ nanofluid. Results show that the high velocity of the surrounding air flow field and the strong gas barrier could be attributed to high rotating velocities of the milling cutter. The incidence angle of the nozzle was consistent with the helical angle of the milling cutter, the target distance was appropriate at 25–30 mm, and the elevation angle was suitable at 60°–65°. The range and variance analyses of the signal-to-noise ratio of milling force and roughness were performed, and the chip morphology was observed and analyzed. The results show that the optimal combination of nozzle position parameters was the target distance of 30 mm, the incidence angle of 35°, and the elevation angle of 60°. Among these parameters, target distance had the largest impact on cutting performance with a contribution rate of more than 55%, followed by incidence angle and elevation contribution rate. Analysis by orthogonal experiment revealed that the nozzle position parameters were appropriate, and R_a (0.087 μm) was reduced by 30.4% from the maximum value (0.125 μm). Moreover, R_sm (0.05 mm) was minimum, which was 36% lower than that of the seventh group (R_sm = 0.078 mm).