基于MATLAB/Simulink的HY-2星载微波散射计系统仿真建模

为实现星载微波散射计的优化设计,利用MATLAB软件搭建了海洋二号(HY-2)卫星微波散射计系统仿真模型。首先,参考其初样设计阶段的仿真模型,根据其最终设计方案和参数设置,对发射机、接收机、信号处理单元三个主要模块搭建仿真模型。其次,模拟海面风场监测过程,将仿真模型划分为信号源、发射机、海面回波、接收机、信号处理单元和结果输出六部分,并在初样设计模型的基础上引入信道特性,完善仿真模型。最后,利用雷达方程解算海面后向散射系数,验证了模型的正确性,可为我国后续微波散射计的设计和优化提供仿真分析手段。     

Probing the first stars and black holes in the early Universe with the Dark Ages Radio Explorer (DARE)

A concept for a new space-based cosmology mission called the Dark Ages Radio Explorer (DARE) is presented in this paper. DARE’s science objectives include: (1) When did the first stars form? (2) When did the first accreting black holes form? (3) When did Reionization begin? (4) What surprises does the end of the Dark Ages hold (e.g., Dark Matter decay)? DARE will use the highly-redshifted hyperfine 21-cm transition from neutral hydrogen to track the formation of the first luminous objects by their impact on the intergalactic medium during the end of the Dark Ages and during Cosmic Dawn (redshifts z = 11–35). It will measure the sky-averaged spin temperature of neutral hydrogen at the unexplored epoch 80–420 million years after the Big Bang, providing the first evidence of the earliest stars and galaxies to illuminate the cosmos and testing our models of galaxy formation. DARE’s approach is to measure the expected spectral features in the sky-averaged, redshifted 21-cm signal over a radio bandpass of 40–120 MHz. DARE orbits the Moon for a mission lifetime of 3 years and takes data above the lunar farside, the only location in the inner solar system proven to be free of human-generated radio frequency interference and any significant ionosphere. The science instrument is composed of a low frequency radiometer, including electrically-short, tapered, bi-conical dipole antennas, a receiver, and a digital spectrometer. The smooth frequency response of the antennas and the differential spectral calibration approach using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique will be applied to detect the weak cosmic 21-cm signal in the presence of the intense solar system and Galactic foreground emissions.     

Discrete energy release in microwave emission in the preflare stage

Examples of solar microwave precursors and estimates of their energetic characteristics are discussed based on spectral investigations of the preflare activity.     

Cosmology and GUTs: The matter of the universe

To illustrate the interaction of Grand Unified Theories (GUTs), supersymmetry (SUSY), and cosmology, a worked example is carried out. This example is the dark matter problem, or “What is the dominant matter of the Universe?” It is shown that if GUTs are assumed then the primordial perturbations are probably adiabatic, if inflation is assumed then Ω = 1 and GUTs first name is probably SUSY. If Ω = 1, big bang nucleosynthesis tells us that the bulk of the matter is non-baryonic. SUSY-GUTs gives us some possible candidate inos to which massive neutrinos, axion or planetary mass black holes can be added. These candidates can be classified hot (or warm) or cold types of dark matter. It is shown that hot gives Ω = 1 and naturally gives large scale structure but does not give small scale structure or galaxy formation times, whereas cold gives small scale structure and formation times but cannot easily yield Ω = 1. It is concluded that either a hybrid of both hot and cold or non-random phases for the perturbations may be needed.     

快速阀门同步控制系统

本文阐述了自在由飞弹道靶试验中,利用微波相干原理,取得模型运动的起步信号,经过与模型运动速度相对应的延时后,去触发控制电路,引爆阀体内的电雷管,控制阀门的开启和关闭的同步控制系统。     

微波无线能量传输功率放大器效率提升的 设计方法研究

针对用于微波无线能量传输系统中的微波功率放大器高效率需求,文章提出了一种提高功率放大器功率附加效率及输出功率的设计方法。通过功率放大器内部的功率流向统计,分析了反馈电容通道对高频功率放大器效率损失的影响,进而提出在栅极-漏极之间引入反馈谐振网络,提高晶体管内部漏极到栅极反馈支路的阻抗,减少产生的功率流向内部漏极到栅极支路,降低晶体管内部通道的功率损耗,从而保证在产生的总功率保持不变的前提下,增加了流向负载上功率,实现微波功率放大器输出功率的增加和功率附加效率的提高。验证电路仿真结果表明,功率放大器在5.78GHz~5.82GHz频率范围内功率附加效率均高于70%,漏极效率优于80.5%,输出功率高于10.5W。证明了该方法在提升功率放大器效率方面切实可行,研究成果对提高应用于微波能量传输系统的功率放大器效率提供有力支撑。     

铷频标物理系统的改进研究

物理系统是铷频标的核心部件,通过分析影响频率稳定度的因素,对物理系统内部结构进行了改进。改进后的物理系统采用分离滤光的三泡结构,增加了光学滤光技术,此外,物理系统还选用了磁控管微波腔。经测试,改进后的铷频标温度系数为9.7×10^-14/℃,频率稳定度约为1×10^-12/τ（1s≤τ≤10 000s）。     

基于故障树分析的飞船检漏间泄漏分析与建模

检漏间是飞船在航天发射场进行检漏分析的重要设施设备。在对飞船检漏间的基本结构组成进行分析的基础上,建立了基于小孔泄漏模型的飞船检漏间泄漏过程数学模型,并进行了仿真分析。同时,对飞船检漏间迷宫式密封结构的泄漏途径进行了分析,在此基础上,建立了飞船检漏间泄漏因素的故障树模型。依据该模型,通过分析排查试验,明确了泄漏故障发生的具体位置、泄漏原因以及泄漏机理。在采取针对性维修措施的基础上,飞船检漏间漏率指标达到了平均<100Pa/24h的范围,满足了设计指标<150Pa/24h的要求。实际泄漏检测试验表明：上述方法简单、有效。     

再入航天器表面亚波长等离子体薄层对微波信号影响效应研究

为了建立电磁波在亚波长等离子体薄层中传播的物理数学模型,并针对通信频段的电磁波,研究电磁波在再入航天器表面等离子体薄层中的透射问题,相关研究成果可为再入航天器通信“黑障”现象研究提供理论基础。模型从麦克斯韦方程组出发,采用微分薄层法进行数值求解,获得了不同等离子体密度条件下亚波长等离子体中目标电磁波的透射特性及传播规律,揭示了截止反射效应和碰撞吸收效应在其中发挥的作用。本研究对于深入了解亚波长碰撞等离子体薄层中电磁波的传播过程具有意义。     

基于修正差分进化算法确定周期内多载波微放电等效功率

微放电是空间微波部件设计所必须考虑的失效效应之一,随着空间宽带多载波模式的广泛采用,多载波条件下微波部件微放电问题引起广泛关注。针对周期内多载波微放电等效功率计算所采用传统经验公式的不足,提出了一种基于修正差分进化算法的确定周期内多载波微放电等效功率的全局优化方法。该方法通过对多载波合成信号功率特性进行分析,推导获得了 20个电子渡越时间内信号能量的表达式,采用二次插值法进行局部搜索,采用修正差分进化算法进行全局优化,从而高效、准确获得全局最优解。以幅度相等、频率间隔相等的多载波信号为例,进行了等效功率的确定,与经验公式的预测结果相当,验证了所提出方法的有效性;同时,对幅度不同、频率间隔不等的多载波信号进行了处理,获得了能够指导微波部件微放电设计的最坏状态及其等效功率。所提出方法不仅适用于幅度不同、频率间隔不等的多载波信号情况,并且能够提供微放电最坏状态时的相位分布,为多载波微放电实验验证提供相位输入。所提出方法相比传统的基于经验公式的方法具有明显优势,为空间宽带多载波工作微波部件微放电设计提供有效依据,在卫星转发器多载波微放电分析及设计中具有价值。