基于网络的大学英语自主写作教学模式研究

本文以认知心理学、人本主义和建构主义理论为基础,把网络与写作教学结合起来,从实践出发,探讨了基于网络教学平台的课内外相结合的自主写作教学模式,以提高学生的写作能力。     

Evaluation of mixed mode-I/II criteria for fatigue crack propagation using experiments and modeling

In this study, in-plane mixed mode-I/II fatigue crack growth simulations and experiments are performed for the Al 7075-T651 aluminum alloy which is widely used in the aerospace industry. Tests are carried out under different mode mixity ratios to evaluate the applicability of a fracture criterion developed in a previous study to mixed mode-I/II fatigue crack growth tests. Results obtained from the analyses and experiments are compared with existing and developed criteria in terms of crack growth lives. Compact Tension Shear (CTS) specimens, which enable mixed mode loading with loading devices under different loading angles, are used in the simulations and experiments. In an effort to model and simulate the actual conditions in the experiments, crack surfaces of fractured specimens are scanned, crack paths are modeled exactly, and contacts are defined between the contact surfaces of a specimen and the loading device for each crack propagation step in the analyses. Having computed the mixed mode stress intensity factors from the numerical analyses, propagation life cycles are predicted by existing and the developed mixed mode-I/II criteria and then compared with experimental results.     

高滑翔伞伞绳叉联结构优化设计

为获得翼伞伞绳最优叉联结构设计方案,文章提出了 1种高滑翔翼伞伞绳叉联结构的优化设计方法。首先,通过计算流体力学方法进行翼伞气动分析,确定最优气动性能时对应的伞绳安装角及翼伞伞衣气动载荷;然后,通过几何分析和受力分析,建立伞绳结点处的力系平衡方程及伞绳长度几何控制方程;最后,在满足伞绳结构安全的前提下,以伞绳总长度最小为优化目标,采用基于外罚函数和 Davidon-Fletcher-Powell(DFP)算法原理的优化算法获得不同约束力条件对应的翼伞伞绳叉联点位置方案。优化结果表明:与优化前叉联方案相比,该方法伞绳长度可减小 9.0%,阻力系数降低 8.8%。此外,通过增加伞绳受力约束,可实现翼伞滑翔性能的进一步提高。     

含多种细节结构的耐久性评定技术研究与应用

 针对飞机结构寿命评定过程中含多种细节结构耐久性评定的需求,基于耐久性分析的概率断裂力学方法,提出了细节型式异同两种情况下结构总的裂纹超越数的计算方法,当细节型式相同时各种细节裂纹超越数直接累加,而细节型式不同时各种细节裂纹超越数加权累加,从而建立了含多种细节结构耐久性评定的一般方法。针对工程上存在大量的含相似细节结构,提出了S-N曲线折算与应力严重系数折算两种相似细节归并的工程方法。特别指出的是,提出的S-N曲线折算方法在保证精度的前提下可以节省较大的试验工作量,有着重要的工程应用价值,已成功应用于中国某型飞机结构定延寿关键部位的耐久性评定。     

高职院校商务英语专业听力课程考试(核)改革探索

为长沙航空职业技术学院商务英语专业高年级设计了一套与职业技能考证接轨、借助数字化语音室教学系统平台、包含形成性考试（核）和终结性考试（核）的笔试和口试相结合的听力考试改革方案,实施后取得显著的成效。     

面对面呼吸飞沫传播和防护的流体力学初步分析

针对SARS-CoV-2疫情,围绕病人和戴防飞沫面罩的健康人面对面呼吸状态下飞沫的流动传播问题,利用计算流体力学方法进行了数值模拟。首先采用二维非稳态不可压缩雷诺平均N-S方程描述平均流场,计算区域采用H型结构网格拓扑结构,将多相流的欧拉模型用于描述空气-飞沫流动,湍流脉动采用RNG k-ε湍流模型。计算获得了呼吸飞沫喷射速度、粒径和入口含量对飞沫流动传播的影响规律,分析了水平传播线和垂直传播线的飞沫浓度分布。研究表明:呼吸飞沫喷射速度、入口含量和流动传播速度、浓度分布呈正相关性,粒径主要影响飞沫流动传播的浓度峰值大小;呼吸飞沫跟随空气流动先以水平传播为主,后转变为以垂直扩散为主,扩散过程会形成"猫眼"状飞沫云团;呼吸飞沫在气流作用下侵入到防飞沫面罩内形成旋涡,导致防飞沫面罩的失效,因此,防飞沫面罩必须结合口罩共同使用。     

Modelling of grinding mechanics: A review

Grinding is one of the most widely used material removal methods at the end of many process chains. Grinding force is related to almost all grinding parameters, which has a great influence on material removal rate, dimensional and shape accuracy, surface and subsurface integrity, thermodynamics, dynamics, wheel durability, and machining system deformation. Considering that grinding force is related to almost all grinding parameters, grinding force can be used to detect grinding wheel wear, energy calculation, chatter suppression, force control and grinding process simulation. Accurate prediction of grinding forces is important for optimizing grinding parameters and the structure of grinding machines and fixtures. Although there are substantial research papers on grinding mechanics, a comprehensive review on the modeling of grinding mechanics is still absent from the literature. To fill this gap, this work reviews and introduces theoretical methods and applications of mechanics in grinding from the aspects of modeling principles, limitations and possible future trendencies.     

爆炸破片作用下 舰载导弹战斗部的安全性数值模拟

文章主要针对爆炸破片作用下,垂直发射系统中舰载导弹战斗部的安全性进行分析,分别讨论了破片的质量、速度、侵彻角度和破片的数量等因素作用下,舰载导弹外防护设置以及战斗部的响应特性。结果表明:在临界起爆条件附近,炸药的点火增长对撞击速度的变化很敏感。同时,入射角对其是否引爆威胁战斗部的影响也很大;当两破片间距小于破片直径时,破片撞击战斗部形成的冲击波会相互叠加,压力峰值增大,更容易引爆战斗部,而当两破片间距大于1.7倍的破片直径时,此时两破片产生的冲击波叠加效应降低。     

Influence of lunar regolith compressibility on sampling performance of thick wall spiral drills

A 2 m class robotic drill was sent to the Moon and successfully collected and returned regolith samples in late 2020 by China. It was a typical thick wall spiral drill (TWSD) with a hollow auger containing a complex coring system to retain subsurface regolith samples. Before the robotic drill was launched, a series of laboratory tests were carried out to investigate and predict the possible drilling loads it may encounter in the lunar environment. This work presents how the sampling performance of the TWSD is affected by the regolith compressibility. Experiments and analysis during the drilling and sampling process in a simulated lunar regolith environment were conducted. The compressibility of a typical lunar regolith simulant (LRS) was measured through uni-directional compression tests to study the relationship between its inner regolith stress and bulk density. A theoretical model was established to elucidate the cutting discharge behavior by auger flights based on the aforementioned relationship. Experiments were conducted with the LRS, and the results show that the sampling performance is greatly affected by the flux of the drilled cuttings into the spiral flight channels. This work helped in scheduling reasonable drilling parameters to promote the sampling performance of the robotic drill in the Chinese Chang'E 5 mission.