飞行员情境意识定量测量研究综述

情境意识是飞行员驾驶飞机所需的关键能力之一,而量化评估飞行员的情境意识则是许多研究关注的重点。为了厘清过往飞行员情境意识方面的研究,本文首先总结了六种传统测量方式,包括冻结探测技术、实时探测技术、实验后自评技术、观察者评分技术、绩效表现评估及生理指标评估;然后,介绍了采用数学建模测量飞行员情境意识的方式,这种测量方式更加精细,且具有很强的预测性;最后,详细总结归纳了飞行员情境意识的过往研究中所采用的主要测量手段,对其发展方向进行展望,为该领域的后续研究提供了一定参考。     

显示界面字符编码工效设计与分析

针对人机显示界面中字符编码的工效设计问题,以封闭模拟驾驶舱为基础,采用32名被试开展静态模拟实验,选取反应时间和反应正确率为工效评价指标,得出不同光照水平、颜色匹配和字符高度下显示界面呈现的中文、英文、数字及符号的辨识绩效.实验结果表明:中/英文、数字和普通符号的辨识绩效差异显著；0 ～ 600 lx范围内4个水平光照变化对字符编码辨识绩效影响较小；颜色匹配方式对字符编码辨识绩效影响显著,黄/白、绿/青的字符/背景色匹配方式辨识绩效较差,在字符编码设计中尽量避免使用.通过实验结论及对实验数据的深入分析,建立显示界面字符编码设计的数学模型,为飞机驾驶舱人机显示界面编码设计提供参考.     

一种电动式操纵负荷系统建模与仿真研究

操纵负荷系统是飞行模拟器的重要组成部分,它是向飞行员提供操纵力的人感系统,同时还要完成操纵面偏角的实时计算。文章首先介绍电动式操纵负荷系统的系统结构,然后对系统各环节建立其数学模型,最后对系统控制器进行设计。     

产业计量学的提出及其研究

在现有计量学理论的学术框架下,提出了产业计量学理论。文章从产业计量学的定义、提出背景、研究对象、研究内容、研究方向、研究目的、需求特征、若干原则及数学模型等方面整体阐述产业计量学。以此,切实解决产业活动中面临的计量问题,进一步满足现代社会经济发展对计量学的实际需求,使计量学在现代国民经济建设中体现出重要的经济学价值。     

A Celestial Analytic Positioning Method by Stellar Horizon Atmospheric Refraction

This article, in allusion to the limitation of conventional stellar horizon atmospheric refraction based on orbital dynamics model and nonlinear Kalman filter in practical applications, proposes a new celestial analytic positioning method by stellar horizon atmospheric refraction for high-altitude flight vehicles, such as spacecraft, airplanes and ballistic missiles. First, by setting up the geometric connexion among the flight vehicle, the Earth and the altitude of starlight refraction, an expression for the relationship of starlight refraction angle and atmospheric density is deduced. Second, there are produced a novel measurement model of starlight refraction in a continuous range of altitudes (CRA) from 20 km to 50 km on the basis of the standard atmospheric data in stratosphere, and an empirical formula of stellar horizon atmospheric refraction in the same altitudes against the tangent altitude. Third, there is introduced a celestial analytic positioning algorithm, which uses the least square differential correction instead of nonlinear Kalman filter. The information about positions of a flight vehicle can be obtained directly by solving a set of nonlinear measurement equations. The stellar positioning algorithm adopts the characteristics of stellar horizon atmospheric refraction thereby removing needs for orbit dynamics models and priori knowledge of flight vehicles. The simulation results evidence the validity of the proposed stellar positioning algorithm.     

大电流充放电电源的电流不确定度评定

介绍了大电流充放电电源电流校准装置的组成和工作原理,根据JJF1059-1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》关于不确定度评定的原则,对电流校准的不确定度进行了分析和评定。     

CME dynamics using coronagraph and interplanetary ejecta data

In this work, we present a study of the coronal mass ejection (CME) dynamics using LASCO coronagraph observations combined with in-situ ACE plasma and magnetic field data, covering a continuous period of time from January 1997 to April 2001, complemented by few extreme events observed in 2001 and 2003. We show, for the first time, that the CME expansion speed correlates very well with the travel time to 1 AU of the interplanetary ejecta (or ICMEs) associated with the CMEs, as well as with their preceding shocks. The events analyzed in this work are a subset of the events studied in Schwenn et al. (2005), from which only the CMEs associated with interplanetary ejecta (ICMEs) were selected. Three models to predict CME travel time to Earth, two proposed by Gopalswamy et al. (2001) and one by Schwenn et al. (2005), were used to characterize the dynamical behavior of this set of events. Extreme events occurred in 2001 and 2003 were used to test the prediction capability of the models regarding CMEs with very high LASCO C3 speeds.     

The knowledge of knots: an interdisciplinary literature review

ABSTRACT

Knots can be found and used in a variety of situations in the 3D world, such as in vines, in the DNA, polymer chains, electrical wires, in mountaineering, seamanship and when ropes or other flexible objects are involved for exerting forces and holding objects in place. Research on knots as topological entities has contributed with a number of findings, not only of interest to pure mathematics, but also to statistical mechanics, quantum physics, genetics, and chemistry. Yet, the cognitive (or algorithmic) aspects involved in the act of tying a knot are a largely uncharted territory. This paper presents a review of the literature related to the investigation of knots from the topological, physical, cognitive and computational (including robotics) standpoints, aiming at bridging the gap between pure mathematical work on knot theory and macroscopic physical knots, with an eye to applications and modeling.     

Observations and theory of cataclysmic variables: On progress and problems in understanding dwarf novae and nova-like stars

After brief historical and theoretical introductions to the field, observed properties of dwarf novae and non-magnetic nova-like stars are reviewed. Photometric observations splitted into events on time-scales of months to years (outburst light curves), hours (orbital light curves) and minutes and below (flickering and oscillations), respectively, and spectroscopic observations are presented. The emphasis is on one hand on the features common to many objects in an attempt to gain some impression on what could be considered typical features. On the other hand observations are highlighted that spectacularly deviate from these common trends as they may give some hint as to what the possible range of variability is. Whenever possible, the implications for the physical properties and possible models of the systems are pointed out. Furthermore, for each section the current status of the conceptual understanding and attempts to model this are briefly reviewed and, finally, confronted with the observations.     

FL-7风洞旁路活门控制系统的模型识别

本文介绍了如何应用分段线性法,数字仿真和逐步回归的方法,对 FL-7风洞旁路活门控制系统——非线性复杂系统,建立可供研究控制策略和优选控制参数的数学模型。