基于Φ函数的等熵膨胀过程数学模型

为了解决航空发动机总体性能计算中,主要的等熵膨胀过程数学模型中存在理想状态值的计算,使计算结果与实际值相比产生一定误差的问题.从过程效率定义式入手,推导出基于Φ函数的等熵膨胀过程数学模型.与基于熵的等熵膨胀过程数学模型以及带理想状态值计算的等熵膨胀过程数学模型的计算结果进行比较与分析之后,得出结论是：①基于Φ函数的等熵膨胀过程数学模型的应用可使计算精度得到提高;②基于Φ函数的等熵膨胀过程数学模型的应用较为简便,可以提高编程效率和计算效率.     

单向CFRP螺旋铣削力建模

螺旋铣削加工工艺具有降低轴向力,改善排屑、散热条件等优点,螺旋铣削力是其重要过程指标之一。对单向CFRP螺旋铣削力建模方法展开研究,预测给定加工参数下的螺旋铣削力。首先,通过对螺旋铣削过程进行运动学分析和切屑几何分析,建立了螺旋铣削过程中侧刃、底刃动态切屑层模型,纤维切削方向角度模型和动态切削力计算模型。然后,分别通过侧刃直线槽铣实验和底刃半齿插铣实验,对各个切削方向角度下侧刃、底刃切削力系数进行了标定,并利用人工神经网络对切削力系数进行拟合。最后,将标定所得的切削力系数代入动态切削力计算模型中,建立了单向CFRP螺旋铣削过程动态切削力预测模型,并通过实验验证了模型的准确性。与现有模型相比,该模型不仅能够预测刀具螺旋运动周期内的切削力变化情况,还可以对每个刀具自转周期内的细节进行预测,通过考虑纤维切削方向角度对切削力系数的影响,反映了单向CFRP材料的各向异性,较为准确地预测了螺旋铣削力。     

内外参数精确建模的太阳敏感器标定

对数字式太阳敏感器标定,现有的多项式拟合和只有内部参数的简单建模方法标定精度低,为提高标定精度,提出一种基于内外参数精确建模的标定方法.通过分析太阳敏感器标定系统的内外参数,建立太阳敏感器标定模型,基于太阳模拟器和两轴转台获取标定点数据,采用最小二乘法分两步优化得到各模型参数.该方法不需要太阳光线与太阳敏感器成像面的初始对准,操作方便,同时通过精确分离太阳敏感器内外参数,避免了标定系统外部参数误差对太阳敏感器内部参数标定的影响,且通过两步优化,进一步提高了太阳敏感器的标定精度.实验结果表明:该方法的标定精度达0.005°(±60°视场),比常用的标定方法的标定精度(0.02°)提高约4倍.      

飞行器自激振荡的流动物理与动力学机制

全局亚迭代耦合求解流体动力学方程和刚体动力学方程,研究轴对称飞行器单自由度俯仰失稳运动的非定常特征.高超音速锥-柱-裙飞行器的单自由度俯仰失稳运动发展为极限环形式,周期性运动伴随着波系结构的非定常变化;自激振荡源于静稳定构型的振动回复机制和尾裙激波流动迟滞效应所构成的阻尼机制.基于第二拉格朗日方程和虚功原理,导出能够描述迟滞现象的参数化非线性动力学模型.多尺度近似分析获得参数化运动特征:自激振动过程是拟简谐运动;静稳定构型才能出现自激振荡周期运动;平衡点阻尼是决定运动稳定特性的分叉参数;振幅特性与阻尼非线性相关,频率特性与刚度非线性相关.基于数值结果的参数辨识,非线性模型的理论分析、重构都与数值结果高度一致,从而有效地佐证了自激振荡建模研究的合理性.     

An update global model of hmF2 from values estimated from ionosonde and COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 radio occultation

In this paper, we present our recent work on developing an updated global model of the ionospheric F2 peak height hmF2 parameter by combining data from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3) radio occultation (RO) measurements and from the extended global ionosonde stations. In particular, 10 Chinese ionosonde stations’ data are newly introduced into this study. The modeling technique used is based on a two-layer empirical orthogonal function (EOF) expansion. Global distributions of hmF2 maps calculated using the newly constructed global model and the one provided by the International Reference Ionosphere model (IRI-ITU-R) are compared with the global distributions of hmF2 obtained by the COSMIC RO measurements and quantitative statistical analysis of the differences between the model results and those of the COSMIC RO measurements is made for the low (2008) and high (2012) solar activity years. The obtained average root-mean-square differences (RMSEs) for our model are 27.7 km (11.1%) and 31.0 km (9.8%), respectively for the years 2008 and 2012, whereas those for the IRI-ITU-R model are 39.9 km (16.9%) and 35.0 km (11.6%), respectively. Comparison of the results calculated both by our model and the IRI-ITU-R model with the digisonde observation is also made. The comparisons show that the newly constructed global hmF2 model can reproduce reasonably well the observations and perform better than IRI-ITU-R model.     

基于混合遗传算法的航空发动机数学模型解法

针对发动机模型现有平衡方程迭代解法存在不收敛或计算效率差的不足,以涡轮风扇发动机为对象,结合遗传算法与牛顿-拉夫逊法的优点,设计了在模型不收敛点采用遗传算法与牛顿-拉夫逊法交替计算的平衡方程求解混合算法。理论分析与数值仿真结果表明,对于整个模型而言,该算法既保持了牛顿-拉夫逊法的高计算效率,又吸收了遗传算法全局收敛的优点,可实现模型大范围收敛。     

An aviation oxygen supply system based on a mechanical ventilation model

At high altitudes, an Aviation Oxygen Supply System(AOSS) protects pilots from low pressure and hypoxia by continuously providing oxygen corresponding to the pilots' dynamic respiratory properties.An AOSS mainly consists of oxygen supercharging machines which are used in a high-altitude flight cabin to supply pressurized oxygen to pilots.Therefore, it is of great significance to study the airflow dynamic characteristics of an AOSS for safe, continuous, and efficient oxygen supply.In this paper, an AOSS is firstly simplified and considered as a mechanical ventilation system.Then, its corresponding mathematical model is constructed.Next, to verify the mathematical model, a prototype AOSS with a lung simulator is proposed for an experimental study.Afterwards, to build a foundation for the optimization of the AOSS, the airflow dynamic characteristics of an aircraft are analyzed, and the effects of key parameters on the respiration system are researched.Through experimental and simulation studies, it can be concluded that the mathematical model is effective.Subsequently, for stability during the respiration process, we consider setting the equivalent throttling areas of the inspiration and expiration pipelines smaller within certain limits; additionally, an excessively high oxygen supply pressure will disturb smooth airflow, and in a low-pressure environment, the pressure can be 84 cm H_2O lower than the standard atmospheric pressure.This research can be referred to in the design of an oxygen supply system and the study on optimization of airflow dynamic characteristics.     

薄板光学反射面面形变形驱动器集成设计

针对某光学载荷薄板反射面面形调整需求,对一种新型精密微调驱动器开展了集成设计研究。分析了柔性太阳翼冷热交变对敏感载荷的影响,设计了一种基于巨磁致伸缩材料(GMM)的主动补偿驱动器,对驱动器关键部件进行了优化。建立了驱动器的动力学模型,并利用模糊自适应PID算法对其进行闭环控制。仿真结果表明:设计的驱动器能实现较大的行程、较高的定位精度,可用于面形变形补偿。     

Nakagami衰落包络的空时频相关性研究

多天线分集接收系统的性能与各支路信号衰落的相关性密切相关,通过分析Nakagami与瑞利衰落的内在联系,推导给出了不同Nakagami衰落包络之间的空时频相关性解析式,该表达式适用于任意散射条件和不同衰落系数。最后,通过数值仿真分析各参数对Nakagami衰落之间相关性的影响,并给出相干距离(时间、频率)的近似表达式,该结论对多天线系统的性能评估和参数设计非常重要。