CME productivity associated with Solar Flare peak X-ray emission flux

It is often noticed that the occurrence rate of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) increases with increase in flare duration where peak flux too increase. However, there is no complete association between the duration and peak flux. Distinct characteristics have been reported for active regions (ARs) where flares and CMEs occur in contrast to ARs where flares alone occur. It is observed that peak flux of flares is higher when associated with CMEs compared to peak flux of flares with which CMEs are not associated. In other words, it is likely that flare duration and peak flux are independently affected by distinct active region dynamics. Hence, we examine the relative ability of flare duration and peak flux in enhancing the CME productivity. We report that CME productivity is distinctly higher in association with the enhancement of flare peak flux in comparison to corresponding enhancement of flare duration.     

Alternate models to dark energy

One of the unresolved questions currently in cosmology is that of the non-linear accelerated expansion of the universe. This has been attributed to the so called Dark Energy (DE). The accelerated expansion of the universe is deduced from measurements of Type Ia supernovae. Here we propose alternate models to account for the Type Ia supernovae measurements without invoking dark energy.     

Modeling and attitude control of CubeSat utilizing moving mass actuators

Any vehicle propelled by solid rocket motors (SRMs) must include an attitude control system capable of dealing with the torque generated by thrust misalignment. In order to expand the application of SRMs on CubeSats, an attitude control system utilizing moving mass actuators is discussed. The present research develops an eight-degree-of-freedom simulation model of a 2U CubeSat with two moving mass actuators. That model also considers the influence of propellant combustion processes. By analyzing the model disturbance source and systematic coupling, the key layout parameters are designed and a simplified control model is proposed. The controller is derived based on a combination of backstepping and sliding mode techniques. An orbit maneuver from 300 km circular orbit to 300 and 500 km elliptical orbit using this attitude control system is verified.     

小振幅振动翼型升力迟滞环变向的成因分析

在低雷诺数条件下研究了SD7037翼型小振幅强迫振动时，振动轴位置和减缩频率对翼型气动特性的影响。通过升力系数随时间变化曲线与迎角随时间变化曲线的对比，发现引起升力系数随迎角变化的迟滞环变向的原因主要是升力系数随时间变化曲线的相位发生变化，并从数学上证明了这个相位是关于减缩频率的函数。而且，当升力系数随时间变化曲线的相位变大时，会使得对应的升力系数随迎角变化的迟滞环曲线从逆时针向顺时针方向变化，这中间必然会经历一个"直线"过程，就好像迟滞现象消失了一样。进一步通过对比流场，发现振动轴位置和减缩频率对此相位的影响机制不同，振动轴位置主要改变翼型的有效迎角，而减缩频率的增大则影响了周围流场结构，使得附加质量带来的反作用力变大，进而提高升力，振动轴向前移动和减缩频率的增大都会增大升力系数曲线的相位。     

Exploration life support technology challenges for the Crew Exploration Vehicle and future human missions

As NASA implements the U.S. Space Exploration Policy, life support systems must be provided for an expanding sequence of exploration missions. NASA has implemented effective life support for Apollo, the Space Shuttle, and the International Space Station (ISS) and continues to develop advanced systems. This paper provides an overview of life support requirements, previously implemented systems, and new technologies being developed by the Exploration Life Support Project for the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) and Lunar Outpost and future Mars missions. The two contrasting practical approaches to providing space life support are (1) open loop direct supply of atmosphere, water, and food, and (2) physicochemical regeneration of air and water with direct supply of food. Open loop direct supply of air and water is cost effective for short missions, but recycling oxygen and water saves costly launch mass on longer missions. Because of the short CEV mission durations, the CEV life support system will be open loop as in Apollo and Space Shuttle. New life support technologies for CEV that address identified shortcomings of existing systems are discussed. Because both ISS and Lunar Outpost have a planned 10-year operational life, the Lunar Outpost life support system should be regenerative like that for ISS and it could utilize technologies similar to ISS. The Lunar Outpost life support system, however, should be extensively redesigned to reduce mass, power, and volume, to improve reliability and incorporate lessons learned, and to take advantage of technology advances over the last 20 years. The Lunar Outpost design could also take advantage of partial gravity and lunar resources.     

斜出口合成射流激励器横流输运特性与边界层控制

研制了一种斜出口合成射流(BSJ)激励器,应用粒子图像测速(PIV)技术获得了合成射流的瞬态和时均流动结构,分析比较了斜出口和常规平直出口激励器流场的异同。该斜出口激励器能将周围气体进行有方向的能量和质量输送控制,时均流场呈现沿壁面的横向流动输运特性。解释了横向流动输运的形成机理,并应用该激励器进行了边界层控制实验。研究结果表明:通过改变激励器的工作电压和频率,可方便有效地实现对平板边界层速度型的调控,使受控边界层速度型更"饱满",这对控制推迟边界层分离非常有利。     

正弦力校准中质量块加速度分布影响的理论修正研究

通过理论分析得到质量块加速度分布影响的理论修正公式,并利用有限元法验证了理论公式,同时对实际应用中理论公式的修正偏差作出估计,为动态力校准的不确定度分析提供了可靠依据。     

薄膜区传热传质蒸发对毛细蒸发弯月面稳定性的影响

蒸发毛细弯液面的稳定性对两相传热装置的运行有着重要意义。由于弯液面的蒸发50%以上发生在一个微小区域,即延展薄膜区,可以预期不稳定性将最先产生于这一区域。为对蒸发弯月面的稳定特性进行机理性研究,首次提出一种将线性稳定性分析与薄膜区传热传质数值分析巧妙结合的研究方法。该方法通过传热传质数值分析获得能够反映弯月面稳定特性的特征膜厚和长度,并将其应用于线性稳定性判据以获得弯月面的临界过热度。分析表明,两种方法的结合可以有效揭示蒸发弯月面的稳定机制,特别是毛细管半径、弯液面温度和工质的热物性对弯月面稳定性的影响。与相关文献报道的实验结果比较,证实了该方法的有效性。     

长时间累积检漏技术的可行性研究

随着载人航天器向大型化和长时间在轨的方向发展,现有总漏率测试方法的检漏灵敏度已经不能满足设计需求,通过延长总漏率测试时间提高灵敏度的方法亟需研究。文章从理论分析和试验验证两个方面研究了长时间累积检漏技术的可行性,为后续大型航天器检漏提供参考。     

Actors of the main activity in large complex centres during the 23 solar cycle maximum

During the maximum of Solar Cycle 23, large active regions had a long life, spanning several solar rotations, and produced large numbers of X-class flares and CMEs, some of them associated to magnetic clouds (MCs). This is the case for the Halloween active regions in 2003. The most geoeffective MC of the cycle (Dst = −457) had its source during the disk passage of one of these active regions (NOAA 10501) on 18 November 2003. Such an activity was presumably due to continuous emerging magnetic flux that was observed during this passage. Moreover, the region exhibited a complex topology with multiple domains of different magnetic helicities. The complexity was observed to reach such unprecedented levels that a detailed multi-wavelength analysis is necessary to precisely identify the solar sources of CMEs and MCs. Magnetic clouds are identified using in situ measurements and interplanetary scintillation (IPS) data. Results from these two different sets of data are also compared.