21世纪的知识化管理趋势

文章从 6个方面对 2 0世纪 90年代以来管理学的发展进行了归纳 ,由此认为 ,新世纪的管理必然是以IT支撑的互联网经济为背景 ,由新型的组织形态、能够快速响应顾客需求的先进制造技术、人力资本的产权激励等几方面的有机融合。     

多约束多星快响巡察任务规划方法

多星快响巡察任务是指多个目标卫星出现不明状况,巡察服务平台在短时间内进行轨道转移,携带多个子航天器对目标进行飞越巡察。对于该问题的任务规划,首先基于共面机动给出了平台调相策略并建立了满足光照和机动能力等约束的巡察窗口筛选计算模型;其次提出了一种贪婪搜索和多轮规划的方法,用于确定任务分配方案和巡察次序;最后在高精度轨道模型下验证了方法的有效性并将该方法与混合编码遗传算法进行了对比。在算例中,该方法的优化效果稍优于混合编码遗传算法,而且求解效率是后者的约227倍,表明贪婪搜索和多轮规划方法更适用该问题的高效求解。     

Research on uncertainty in measurement assisted alignment in aircraft assembly

Operations in assembling and joining large size aircraft components are changed to novel digital and flexible ways by digital measurement assisted alignment.Positions and orientations（P＆O）of aligned components are critical characters which assure geometrical positions and relationships of those components.Therefore,evaluating the P＆O of a component is considered necessary and critical for ensuring accuracy in aircraft assembly.Uncertainty of position and orientation（U-P＆O）,as a part of the evaluating result of P＆O,needs to be given for ensuring the integrity and credibility of the result;furthermore,U-P＆O is necessary for error tracing and quality evaluating of measurement assisted aircraft assembly.However,current research mainly focuses on the process integration of measurement with assembly,and usually ignores the uncertainty of measured result and its influence on quality evaluation.This paper focuses on the expression,analysis,and application of U-P＆O in measurement assisted alignment.The geometrical and algebraical connotations of U-P＆O are presented.Then,an analytical algorithm for evaluating the multi-dimensional U-P＆O is given,and the effect factors and characteristics of U-P＆O are discussed.Finally,U-P＆O is used to evaluate alignment in aircraft assembly for quality evaluating and improving.Cases are introduced with the methodology.     

双臂协调机械手动力学建模的新方法

由于某种既定任务而产生的约束关系的存在,使得双臂协调机械手的动力学特性表现出高度的非线性和耦合性。因此,利用传统的拉格朗日方程建立其动力学模型显得困难重重。针对平面双臂协调搬运机械手的动力学建模问题,基于传统的拉格朗日方程给出并证明了平面多杆机械手动力学方程的一般表达式。然后利用上述表达式,并基于分析力学界著名的Udwadia-Kalaba方程的建模思想,获得双臂协调机械手在预定轨迹下各杆所需附加力矩的解析表达式及系统的动力学方程,克服了传统拉格朗日方程需借助拉格朗日乘子获得动力学方程的缺点。双臂协调机械手的关节角变化规律和被搬运物体轨迹的数值仿真结果证明所建立的动力学方程符合实际情况。      

Coordinated Multiple Spacecraft Attitude Control with Communication Time Delays and Uncertainties

In this paper, we consider the coordinated attitude control problem of spacecraft formation with communication delays, model and disturbance uncertainties, and propose novel synchronized control schemes. Since the attitude motion is essential in non-Euclidean space, thus, unlike the existing designs which describe the delayed relative attitude via linear algorithm, we treat the attitude error and the local relative attitude on the nonlinear manifold-Lie group, and attempt to obtain coupling attitude information by the natural quaternion multiplication. Our main focus is to address two problems:1) Propose a coordinated attitude controller to achieve the synchronized attitude maneuver, i.e., synchronize multiple spacecraft attitudes and track a time-varying desired attitude; 2) With known model information, we achieve the synchronized attitude maneuver with disturbances under angular velocity constraints. Especially, if the formation does not have any uncertainties, the designer can simply set the controller via an appropriate choice of control gains to avoid system actuator saturation. Our controllers are proposed based on the Lyapunov-Krasovskii method and simulation of a spacecraft formation is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of theoretical results.     

面向敏捷制造的动态工艺规划技术

基于敏捷制造模式下企业必须能够快速响应客户的需求为背景,提出了基于加工特征的零件通用工艺模型.在此基础上,利用遗传算法,根据车间实时资源状况,以产品的加工时间最短作为优化目标,实现整个产品工艺方案的动态规划,以适应现代柔性生产的要求.     

敏捷制造数据源及其实现技术

为满足产品全生命周期管理对制造数据敏捷性的需求,提出一种敏捷制造数据源的数据管理方法.分析了敏捷制造数据的应用需求,将敏捷数据源定义为一种面向产品生命周期不断变化应用需求的数据定义和管理架构,该架构包括核心对象与本体层、元数据元模型层、服务组件层以及实施层等4个层次,对该架构的特点进行了分析.提出了实现敏捷制造数据源的3个实现技术,分别是抽象元建模技术、基于规则的数据视图快速生成技术以及基于服务技术的组件重用与快速重构技术.所提出的敏捷制造数据源为支持产品生命周期内制造数据的敏捷管理、应用以及提升应用信息系统敏捷性提供了新的途径.     

金属增材制造技术

金属增材制造技术作为3D打印技术的一个重要分支,在20余年的发展中取得了显著的进展。文中简要回顾了金属增材制造技术的历史溯源,重点从制件组织结构、制件性能、制件微观缺陷、成形工艺等方面分析了针对钛合金、镍基高温合金等常用材料的增材制造技术研究新进展,探讨了增材制造技术发展所面临的技术问题以及需要重点考虑的发展方向。     

Optimal two-impulse rendezvous with terminal tangent burn considering the trajectory constraints

The two-impulse orbital rendezvous problem with a terminal tangent burn between coplanar elliptical orbits is studied by considering a lower bound on perigee radius and an upper bound on apogee radius for the transfer orbit. This problem requires that two spacecraft arrive at the rendezvous point with the same arrival flight-path angle after the same flight time. The admissible range of the final true anomaly that meets the perigee and apogee constraints is obtained in closed form. The revolution number of the transfer orbit is expressed as a function of the true anomaly and the revolution numbers of the initial and final orbits. All the feasible solutions are obtained with a bound on the revolution number of the final orbit. Then, the minimum-fuel one is determined by comparing their costs. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to obtain all the feasible solutions for given initial impulse points and the optimal solution with the initial coasting arc. Numerical results show that the minimum-fuel solution for the terminal tangent burn rendezvous is close to that for the cotangent rendezvous when the rendezvous time is long enough; however, the cotangent rendezvous may not exist when the rendezvous time is short.