聚能爆破切割清理弹射通道技术

 考虑到飞机隐身等因素,飞机驾驶舱顶部为金属结构而不是传统的座舱盖结构,在弹射救生过程中,采用聚能爆破切割技术,切割金属结构形成"座舱盖"并抛放以清理弹射通道,且已在B-1B、B2飞机上采用。利用座舱顶部金属结构平板件,对聚能切割器装药量、切割厚度,切割过程冲击噪声对飞行员的影响、爆破飞溅物对飞行员的损伤防护等进行了分析和试验研究,并将冲击噪声对飞行员的影响与国军标的要求进行了对比。通过本次研究,将为以后的工程应用提供基础性依据。     

预浸料厚坯超声切割工艺研究

 预浸料厚坯超声切割技术,具有无刀具磨损、加工速度快、加工精度高、无粉尘污染等优势,切割质量优异,在国外已得到了广泛应用,而国内目前仍处于初期研究阶段。本文以航空航天应用为主的碳纤维预浸料厚坯为实验材料,研究了切割温度、切割速度以及切割能量等切割工艺参数对切割质量的影响。研究结果表明,对于一定厚度的预浸料厚坯,最优的切割工艺参数组合:切割温度为5℃,切割速度为1.0 m/min,切割能量为8级。该研究方法与研究成果为超声切割技术在预浸料切割中的应用奠定了基础。     

整体传递矩阵法求解双转子系统临界转速的改进

在深入研究现有传统整体传递矩阵算法的基础上,提出了一种改进的整体矩阵方法。该方法有效避免了传统算法中各子结构单元数目相同且需逻辑对齐的要求,不须人为添加虚段或仅在固定位置添加1个或2个虚段,非常有利于编写通用化程序。算例计算表明了该方法的有效性和准确性。     

电磁线圈发射器垂直发射过程建模与仿真

根据同步感应线圈发射器工作原理,建立了用于垂直发射大载荷的电磁线圈发射器数学模型;以5级发射器为例,对其垂直发射过程进行了动态仿真,得到了放电回路中的电流、发射组件所受电磁力、速度及位移等参数随时间变化的特性曲线。结果表明:电磁线圈发射器(EMCL)垂直发射大载荷过程中载荷的加速过程比较平稳,电流的变化率相对较缓,为几十ms量级;发射组件速度对自身所受电磁力影响较大,随着速度增大,发射组件受到的电磁推力有所下降;随着驱动线圈级数增多,各级驱动线圈放电控制难度加大。但相比电磁线圈炮的超高速发射,EMCL用于低速发射大载荷过程的馈电控制要简单很多。     

基于粒子群算法的多级低压涡轮一维气动优化设计方法

为探究涡轮高效设计技术,从低维优化层面出发,提出了一种基于粒子群优化算法的多级低压涡轮一维设计和优化方法.该方法以涡轮效率为目标,通过建立涡轮子午流道形式以及气动特性等约束条件将涡轮一维设计转化成包含约束限制的极大值优化问题.在验证粒子群算法优化性能的基础上发展了多级低压涡轮一维气动优化设计程序,该程序通过优化地选取涡轮各级的多个设计变量,有效地生成满足多个约束条件的级最佳速度三角形以及最佳初步子午流道形式.利用该程序完成了原型低压涡轮的优化改型工作,三维数值模拟结果表明,优化改型方案在设计点和非设计点的气动性能均获得了不同程度的改善.     

多级低压涡轮内部非定常流场扰动分析

采用三维数值模拟方法,对带有过渡段和后机匣支板的低压涡轮进行全环非定常数值模拟,分析了各个叶片排流场中存在的非定常扰动及扰动源,研究了低压涡轮第二级中存在的多种扰动源叠加现象,并对流场中的静压波动进行了频谱分析。结果显示,过渡段的二次流对低压涡轮内部流场存在明显扰动,并向下游传播至涡轮出口。第二级动叶中,上游导叶通过频率与过渡段二次流自身脉动频率产生叠加,形成的新扰动频率为两者产生的差频。采用全环非定常数值模拟预测多级低压涡轮内部流动中存在的各种扰动频率及其相互叠加很有必要。     

传动比和转速对永磁齿轮传动特性的影响研究

介绍了一种径向调制永磁齿轮，运用有限元技术，通过变更仿真条件中的传动比和转速，并对仿真结果中的输出转矩和传动效率进行分析，从而获得传动比和转速对输出转矩和传动效率的影响规律。结果表明，随着传动比的增大，输出转矩呈二次曲线规律变化，而传动效率则呈减小趋势；相同传动比下，随着主动转子转速的增大，输出转矩和传动效率均呈减小趋势；提出了以传动效率〖WTBX〗η〖WTBZ〗为目标值的等效率曲线概念，得到了η=90%时的等效率曲线i~n₁（i和n₁分别代表传动比和主动转子转速），当n₁和i的交点位于等效率曲线下方时，即可满足η>90%。     

Characteristics of solar particle events at Mars relative to Earth

While not specifically designed to detect solar energetic particle radiation, the Electron Reflectometer onboard Mars Global Surveyor (MGS/ER) collected such data from January 1999 through October 2006. Energetic protons (?25 MeV) and other ions penetrated the MGS/ER shielding and registered counts within the instrument’s electronics. During solar particle events (SPE’s), prolonged enhancements in the particle background were observed at Mars with time intensity profiles similar to Earth based SPE observations. Throughout the lifespan of MGS/ER, 85 distinct SPE’s were observed. Basic characteristics of Mars based SPE observations and the frequency of SPE occurrences at Mars are compared to corresponding Earth based observations. Approximately 22% of SPE’s that occurred during MGS/ER operation were observed at Earth but not Mars. Similarly, 19% of SPE’s were observed at Mars but not Earth. Time intensity profiles at Earth and Mars match predictions provided in the literature, based on the physical location of the detector with respect to the motion of the interplanetary shock wave. Note: The work described herein was largely conducted as part of a doctoral dissertation produced by the author.     

螺旋桨旋转方向对飞机俯仰力矩特性的影响

为了找到一种改善低平尾涡桨飞机中小迎角下纵向静稳定度的方法，采用数值模拟手段研究了螺旋桨旋转方向对飞机俯仰力矩特性的影响。基于动态面搭接网格技术和非定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes （URANS）方程，首先对某T尾双发涡桨飞机进行了计算，验证了方法的精度和可靠性，然后对同向旋转（CO）、对转-内侧上洗（CNIU）和对转-外侧上洗（CNOU）3种低平尾涡桨飞机构型开展了数值模拟，分析了各构型的俯仰力矩变化特点及流场细节。研究结果表明：对于常见的CO构型，在小迎角下由于平尾整体效率降低，飞机的俯仰力矩曲线斜率较无动力构型大幅度下降；在小迎角下，CO构型左侧平尾的效率几乎丧失，但右侧平尾却具有良好的效率；CO构型左右两侧平尾的效率呈现巨大差异的主要原因在于两侧平尾当地的下洗梯度不同；3个构型中，CNOU构型的俯仰力矩特性最差，CNIU构型在整个中小迎角范围内都能保持良好的俯仰力矩特性。     

Exploration life support technology challenges for the Crew Exploration Vehicle and future human missions

As NASA implements the U.S. Space Exploration Policy, life support systems must be provided for an expanding sequence of exploration missions. NASA has implemented effective life support for Apollo, the Space Shuttle, and the International Space Station (ISS) and continues to develop advanced systems. This paper provides an overview of life support requirements, previously implemented systems, and new technologies being developed by the Exploration Life Support Project for the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) and Lunar Outpost and future Mars missions. The two contrasting practical approaches to providing space life support are (1) open loop direct supply of atmosphere, water, and food, and (2) physicochemical regeneration of air and water with direct supply of food. Open loop direct supply of air and water is cost effective for short missions, but recycling oxygen and water saves costly launch mass on longer missions. Because of the short CEV mission durations, the CEV life support system will be open loop as in Apollo and Space Shuttle. New life support technologies for CEV that address identified shortcomings of existing systems are discussed. Because both ISS and Lunar Outpost have a planned 10-year operational life, the Lunar Outpost life support system should be regenerative like that for ISS and it could utilize technologies similar to ISS. The Lunar Outpost life support system, however, should be extensively redesigned to reduce mass, power, and volume, to improve reliability and incorporate lessons learned, and to take advantage of technology advances over the last 20 years. The Lunar Outpost design could also take advantage of partial gravity and lunar resources.