Time resolved study of laser triggered electric discharge spark in atmosphere: Machine learning approach

In this paper we analyze the possibilities of using machine learning algorithms for analysis of optical spectra of electric discharge spark in atmosphere. Breakdown in air can be initiated by intense laser pulse, making plasma which has a significant electrical conductivity. The formed plasma can be further maintained by electric current obtained from capacitor discharge. In such a case the capacitor voltage can be much lower than the striking voltage (the voltage needed to initiate the electric breakdown in air). Present setup has timing precision and low jitter of fast laser and arbitrary high energies corresponding to capacitance and voltage to which the capacitor is charged. We have used a streak camera equipped with a spectrograph to analyze optical emission of plasma obtained in this way. Q-switched Nd:Yag laser was used to achieve the initial breakdown in air. Machine learning methods were used in order to classify optical spectra of plasmas with different electron temperatures obtained with different excitation energies. We have shown that, instead of using the usual way of identifying the spectral peaks and calculating their intensity ratio, it is possible to train the computer software to recognize the spectra corresponding to different electron temperatures. Principal component analysis was used to reduce the dimensionality of problem. We present possibilities of plasma electron temperature estimation based on several clustering algorithms.     

遥感场景分类的批处理协方差神经网络方法

针对卫星遥感图像场景分类数据集中存在的局部区域特征异常问题，提出一种采用批处理协方差层的神经网络(CovNN)模型进行遥感场景分类的方法。该方法通过计算全输入通道的局部区域均值实现一种3D批处理协方差算法，能够有效消除局部区域均值的影响，从而更好地处理局部光照过强和局部区域存在无关特征的问题。将其应用于存在局部光照异常和局部无关特征问题的卫星采集AID数据集和NWPU RESISC45数据集中，实验表明CovNN在两个数据集上均取得了超过现有卷积神经网络(CNN)的召回率，可有效降低图像局部区域特征异常的不利影响。     

基于机器学习的二次电子发射唯象模型

基于机器学习和深度人工神经网络（artificial neural network，ANN）提出一种二次电子发射唯象模型。利用Vaughan模型生成先验数据集，用于训练生成描述二次电子发射一般规律的先验知识ANN模型，并在不同参数条件下验证了先验知识ANN模型的正确性。然后，分别利用银和铝合金材料的二次电子发射系数实验数据修正先验知识ANN模型，分别得到了描述两种材料的特异ANN模型。测试结果表明，特异ANN模型计算结果与实验结果相比的平均绝对误差较Vaughan模型和Furman模型降低了30%以上，与复合唯象模型精度相当或更高。在小样本条件下测试了二次电子发射ANN模型的正确性，验证了分步训练方式的有效性和二次电子发射ANN模型对于小样本集的适应性。提出的基于机器学习的二次电子发射唯象模型能够避免复杂的参数修正过程，能够基于先验知识提升模型对于小样本的适应性，能够实现二次电子发射系数的连续插值，适于在数值模拟软件中使用。     

基于天基边缘计算的在轨智能技术

针对低轨互联网星座的发展以及天基应用不断拓展对计算能力的需求,开展基于天基边缘计算的在轨智能技术研究,这对提升星地带宽利用率和实时决策效率具有重要意义.提出了以低轨卫星为核心的天基边缘计算架构,在此基础上,进一步提出了一种基于深度模仿学习的智能计算卸载模型,以及该模型的在轨分布式联邦学习训练方案.基于空天地海一体化网络...