卫星/有效载荷整体隔振技术简介

文章根据近年国际学术会议上的相关论文进行编研。从卫星有效载荷整体隔振的技术背景到必要性,重要性、经济价值等诸多方面予以讨论,旨在全面引进国外整星或有效载荷隔振缓冲技术,提高我国卫星设计科技含量,增强竞争能力。除了突出提供有科学研究价值的飞行实测数据和分析试验数据外,还提供国外正在研发的有源/无源组合隔振缓冲技术的最新动向。     

电磁发射拦截装置中发射线圈的结构分析

介绍了电磁发射拦截装置的组成及工作原理,建立了发射线圈的三维模型,对发射线圈进行了磁—结构耦合分析,给出了发射线圈的磁场和应力场分布规律,得出了初步结论。     

探月飞行的调相轨道

早期的探月飞行都采用直接由地球飞到月球的地月转移方式,探测器由运载火箭直接发送到地月转移轨道,这样做的好处是飞行时间比较短,只需3至5天的时间。20世纪90年代开始的新一轮探月活动中采用了一种新的飞行方式,探测器飞离地球前,先在绕地球飞行的调相轨道上运行若干圈,这样做的好处有三：一是可以在运载火箭能力不够的情况下,由探测器来补充;二是可以减小转移轨道中途修正的负担;三是可以扩大发射机会窗口。文章以嫦娥一号探测器及美、日的两个月球探测器为例,详细讨论了这种新的飞行方式,同时还对我国后续探月计划的飞行轨道提出了初步建议。     

基于物理知识约束的数据驱动式湍流模型修正及槽道湍流计算验证

对湍流摩擦阻力的精准预测是学术界和工业界普遍关心的重要问题，而数据驱动式的湍流模型修正方法对此显示出较大的潜力和前景。提出了一种基于物理知识约束的数据驱动式湍流模型修正方法，根据湍流摩擦阻力分解获得先验物理知识，在S-A湍流模型的生成项中引入非均匀分布的修正因子，以修正因子为设计变量，设定包含物理知识约束的目标函数，利用离散伴随方法求解目标函数与设计变量之间的梯度关系，通过高效率的迭代求解获得修正因子的分布。以槽道湍流为例，验证了包含物理知识约束的数据驱动式建模方法的优势，并分析了物理知识约束对湍流摩擦阻力预测精度的影响，结果表明引入物理知识约束可进一步提高湍流摩擦阻力的预测精度。     

运载火箭测控系统技术与发展

针对中国新一代运载火箭发射轨道多样、外部环境日益复杂、上行控制和空间环境安全要求逐步提高等发展特点,以及高码率、高覆盖、高精度的测控需求,研究了天基测控、多音组合编码安控、高效遥测和测控数传一体化等几种运载火箭测控新技术的应用前景;从工程的角度,提出了中国运载火箭测控系统发展思路和天地一体化的测控体系结构;并就测控系统资源配置与使用模式、新型测控体制和测控手段、遥测和安控频段等重点发展方向简述了作者的观点。     

可重复使用运载器再入轨迹与制导控制方法综述

可重复使用运载器（RLV）是未来实现快速、可靠及廉价进出空间的必然趋势，也是当前航空航天领域的研究热点。对RLV再入段的轨迹优化、制导及控制方法进行了综述。在RLV再入轨迹优化方法上，分别从间接法、直接法以及伪谱法等方面进行了综述，在深入分析每类方法特点的基础上，对其未来发展趋势进行了展望；在RLV再入制导方法上，分别从离线标称轨迹制导、在线轨迹重构制导、预测校正制导等方面进行了综述，对每类再入制导方法进行了优缺点分析，并对未来发展方向进行了总结；在RLV再入姿态控制方法上，分别从线性控制方法、非线性控制方法、智能控制方法等方面对其进行了综述，并对其特点和未来发展趋势进行了分析。最后，对RLV再入制导控制一体化方法进行了综述，指出了未来RLV制导控制一体化研究中亟需解决的关键问题。     

Stability analysis of explicit guidance laws for space launch vehicles with varying thrust integrals

In this study, a stability analysis of the explicit guidance laws for space launch vehicles is performed with consideration of varying thrust integrals. Among various forms of explicit guidance, linear tangent guidance in its general form is selected and six different acceleration profiles are considered for this numerical experiment. A linear system modeling which includes all of the significant dynamic elements of a space launcher is performed to analyze the effect of the characteristics of thrust integrals on stability margins. Numerical results show that in an aspect of guidance stability, it is advantageous to have thrust integrals derived from increasing acceleration profiles, such as constant thrust case, which may be considered in the development of propulsion systems. Finally, time-domain simulation with the original nonlinear models is performed to verify the approach and the result shows that the nonlinear dynamics of the system is conserved well in the linear model.     

阻尼材料在结构裂纹修理和预防上的应用

以某型飞机在使用过程中频繁出现进气道铆钉松动、蒙皮裂纹、铆钉裂纹等故障为研究对象,运用飞机气动弹性力学理论进行了分析研究,找出故障发生的原因,提出在进气道蒙皮上加装阻尼层的新方法。验证表明,该方法能有效地弥补设计缺陷、延迟金属材料老化及预防性修理机体结构裂纹。     

基于滑模控制的末端能量管理方法

简要介绍了末端能量管理的研究情况,然后对末端能量管理段进行轨迹规划。在轨迹规划的基础上,设计基于滑模变结构控制的制导律,对轨迹进行跟踪,对能量进行管理。仿真结果表明,滑模变结构控制在末端能量管理制导中合理、有效,具有很强的鲁棒性。     

Rethinking public–private space travel

On May 24, 2012 SpaceX's Dragon capsule was launched and in doing so became the first commercially built vehicle to berth with and carry cargo to the International Space Station (ISS). It successfully completed its mission and returned to the Pacific Ocean on May 31, 2012.¹ The docking of Dragon represented a historic moment where a commercial enterprise managed to achieve that which had previously only been accomplished by governments. “In the history of spaceflight – only four entities have launched a space capsule into orbit and successfully brought it back to Earth: the United States, Russia, China, and SpaceX”.² While this is a monumental accomplishment for private industry, we cannot ignore the value of public–private partnerships and the role that government played in enabling this incredible achievement.In this paper I will examine how public–private partnerships are enabling the development of the commercial space industry, viewed through the lens of the Rethinking Business Institutional Hybrid Framework put forward by University of Oxford professors Marc Ventresca and Alex Nichols in their Rethinking Business MBA course. I intend to demonstrate that the NASA versus Commercial Space argument is a false dichotomy and that only by working together can both sectors continue to push the boundaries of space travel and exploration. I plan to do this by first discussing how the NASA-SpaceX partnership came about and the reasoning behind it. I will then explore what a public–private partnership (PPP) is, as compared to other government privatization schemes, and explain why Space Act Agreements are significantly different from anything done previously. I will then analyze the impact of these agreements and outline their benefits in order to demonstrate the value they create, especially in areas of mutual value creation and economic development.