力约束管材自由胀形试验研究与材料性能测试

相较于单向拉伸试验,通过管材胀形试验(TBT,Tube Bulging Test)获得的材料性能参数能够更准确地反映材料在高压流体作用下的塑性成形性能,不同的管端边界将会严重影响管材胀形试验的测试结果.针对国际上现有试验方法和设备存在的不足,研制出了一套约束边界清晰、加载精确的管材自由胀形试验系统.在管材测试过程中,基于位移随动力主动加载的控制策略和比例伺服油缸,实现实时的轴向力、轴向位移和内压力的精确加载.端部约束的测试管材通过特殊设计的工装保证了其轴向自由滑动.实时内压力和胀形管材顶点处材料的壁厚和胀形高度信息通过超高压压力传感器、超声测厚仪和磁致伸缩位移传感器采集,进而基于Swift材料本构模型和采集到的数据拟合出材料应力应变曲线和材料性能参数.试验结果表明,管材两端侧推力与内压力对管材内腔端面的作用力和管材轴向自由对称收缩的平衡条件始终处于动态稳定中,试验设备能够准确获得实时胀形高度、顶点厚度、轴向收缩长度和内压力的信息,能够为材料性能测试和工艺设计提供可信的材料参数.      

Numerical simulation of a UAV impacting engine fan blades

A 3D digital model of a small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is obtained by using the method of scanning reverse modeling and joint mapping. A numerical simulation of a small UAV strikes on rotary engine blades, presented in this paper, was performed with a Transient Nonlinear Finite Element code PAM-CRASH software. A test of motor strike on plate was developed and the dynamic response of the plate were obtained to validate the numerical simulation method of a UAV strike on blades. Based on this, dynamic damage response caused by UAV on the engine blades were studied. It is indicated that the impact process between the UAV and a single blade can be divided into two typical stages: cutting and impact. Cutting mainly leads to the failure of the leading edge material, and impact mainly leads to the plastic deformation of the blade. At the same time, it is compared with the damage impacted by bird with the same mass. For the same mass of bird and UAV, the damage caused by UAV striking fan blade is more serious, and 1.345 kg UAV striking fan blade of typical civil aviation engine is enough to cause damage to flight safety.     

带多充液圆柱贮箱航天器刚-液耦合动力学研究

文中以在低重环境下带多充液圆柱贮箱刚性航天器中刚-液耦合方程的建立和求解为主要研究目的。推导航天器中充液圆柱贮箱内任意点的牵连运动方程,根据壁面边界条件给出了贮箱内液体牵连晃动势的表达式;利用第二类边界条件下的傅立叶-贝塞尔级数展开法对低重力环境下的弯曲自由液面处的复杂动力学边界条件进行处理,建立以液体相对晃动势的模态坐标和晃动波高的模态坐标为状态向量的液体耦合晃动力学方程,通过积分分别得到了耦合晃动力和耦合晃动力矩的解析式;运用准坐标系下的拉格朗日方程建立以航天器主刚体姿态坐标和轨道坐标为状态向量的刚体耦合运动动力学方程,进一步联立上述耦合方程得到航天器整体系统的刚-液耦合动力学状态方程;最后,编制出适用于带多充液圆柱贮箱航天器内刚-液耦合动力学计算的模块化计算程序,通过计算实例验证所编程序的准确性的同时,研究了携带多充液箱航天器系统贮箱布局、外激励方式对航天器刚-液耦合系统动力学特性的影响。     

多刚体卫星转动惯量在轨辨识

惯量辨识需要精确的动力学特性,针对动力学特性不可忽略太阳电池阵转动这一状况,提出一种惯量辨识方法,用于卫星本体惯量和太阳电池阵惯量的联合辨识.在建立多刚体姿态动力学基础上,针对辨识变量的耦合特性,推导带约束的优化辨识模型,再利用约束最小二乘算法求解.最后通过仿真计算验证了辨识方法的可行性.     

Global structure,seasonal and interannual variability of the eastward propagating tides seen in the SABER/TIMED temperatures (2002–2007)

The present paper is focused on the global spatial (altitude and latitude) structure, seasonal and interannual variability of the most stable in amplitude and phase eastward propagating diurnal and semidiurnal tides with zonal wavenumbers 2 and 3 derived from the SABER/TIMED temperatures for full 6 years (January 2002–December 2007). The tidal results are obtained by an analysis method where the tides (migrating and nonmigrating) and the planetary waves (zonally travelling, zonally symmetric and stationary) are simultaneously extracted from the satellite data. It has been found that the structures of the eastward propagating diurnal tides with zonal wavenumbers 3 and 2 change from antisymmetric with respect to the equator below ∼85 km height, to more symmetric above ∼95 km. The seasonal behavior of the DE3 is dominated by annual variation with maximum in August–September reaching average (2002–2007) amplitude of ∼15 K, while that of the DE2 by semiannual variation with solstice maxima and with average amplitude of ∼8 K. These tides revealed some interannual variability with a period of quasi-2 years. The seasonal behavior of the eastward propagating semidiurnal tide with zonal wavenumber 2 in the southern hemisphere (SH) is dominated by annual variation with maximum in the austral summer (November–January) while that in the northern hemisphere (NH) by semiannual variation with equinoctial maxima. The SE2 maximizes near 115 km height and at latitude of ∼30° reaching an average amplitude of ∼6 K. The seasonal behavior of the eastward propagating semidiurnal tide with zonal wavenumber 3 in both hemispheres indicates a main maximum during June solstice and a secondary one during December solstice. The tide maximizes near 110–115 km height and at a latitude of ∼30° reaching an average amplitude of ∼4.8 K in the SH and ∼4 K in the NH. The tidal structures of the two eastward propagating semidiurnal tides are predominantly antisymmetric about the equator.     

直升机传动系统花键连接轴的动力失稳

为有效传递扭矩,花键联轴器在旋转机械中得到了广泛应用,直升机传动系统也采用了这种结构形式,因此对花键连接超临界轴的稳定性进行理论分析,并在直升机尾传动轴上开展相应的实验和验证工作.通过安装和拆卸花键两端用于润滑油脂密封的O型圈,来改变花键的工作状态,实现了尾传动轴由相对稳定向完全不稳定的转变.研究表明:由花键及其两端支承表面处产生的摩擦形成的内阻尼是导致尾传动轴发生自激振动的根源;通过改善花键连接处的工作状态,能有效改善超临界转轴的稳定性,这对直升机传动系统超临界轴的设计有一定指导意义.     

Wave perturbations in the MLT at high northern latitudes in winter,observed by two SATI instruments

To investigate the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere (MLT) region, several ground-based instruments called SATI (Spectral Airglow Temperature Imager) were designed and built to measure airglow emission and temperature in the upper mesosphere. One SATI instrument was installed at Resolute Bay (74.7°N, 94.9°W) and has monitored the polar MLT region since November, 2001. In October 2007 another SATI instrument was installed at Eureka (80.0°N, 86.3°W) at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) as part of the Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change (CANDAC) project. SATI is a spatial scanning Fabry–Perot spectrometer measuring column emission rates for several rotational lines of OH and O₂ airglow at 87 and 94 km height. The rotational temperatures are inferred from the ratios of these lines. The measurements are divided into 12 sectors with an annular field of view. The phase differences between the sectors yield information on the horizontal atmospheric wave direction and wavelength. Horizontal perturbations of 2–8 h period have correlatively been observed and investigated at both locations. Short-periodic oscillations identified as gravity waves with periods between 2 and 8 h propagate in southward and eastward directions, but in opposite directions in some cases. The wave propagation characteristics are often different at the two locations; the relationship with the lower mean wind is considered.     

超小型直升机动力学模型的建模、辨识与验证

为实现超小型直升机的自动控制飞行,需建立较为精确的动力学模型.考虑机体、主旋翼/稳定杆和尾桨间的耦合对飞行动态特性的影响,建立了AF25B型超小型直升机的连续线性时不变系统模型.设计并配置了机载设备,完成在遥控飞行状态下的飞行数据采集与存储.通过时域系统辨识方法,辨识了直升机在悬停状态下的模型参数,并对辨识结果进行验证和分析,表明所建模型能充分反映该型直升机悬停状态下的动态特性.     

非质心特征点相对位置和姿态估计方法研究

卫星编队飞行中,从星星体上偏离质心的任意特征点,其相对位置和相对姿态运动耦合。本文针对任意点的相对状态估计问题,推导了耦合相对轨道动力学方程和无陀螺相对姿态动力学方程,并且基于PSD敏感器对主星上点光源的视线测量值,提出了基于特征点耦合动力学和质心传统动力学的两种相对状态估计策略。针对每种策略分别设计了EKF和UKF两种滤波算法对相对状态进行估计。最后通过数学仿真对算法的有效性进行了验证,并对其计算量进行了分析。结果表明,四种算法均能对特征点的相对状态进行较高精度的估计。     

基于航行力学思想的坐标系研究

针对理论分析及工程实践对传统研究武器系统在多种介质环境中运动的学科提出的要求,提出了建立"航行力学"的构想。首先提出了航行与航行器的概念;其次将航行器在水中、大气中、外太空等不同介质环境下的坐标系及空间位置与姿态进行了定义;最后,讨论了航行器各坐标系的相互关系及转换,为初步建立航行力学理论奠定了基础。