运载火箭模态试验仿真技术研究新进展

针对传统数学模型修改技术无法解决大型工程问题的局限性,为了实施模态试验仿真,提出一套适用于航天器复杂结构模型修改新技术,称之为子结构试验建模综合技术。简要综述在运载火箭模态试验仿真技术方面研究的新进展,并介绍两个应用实例:一是CZ-2E运载火箭全箭模态试验仿真与预示,用介绍的模态试验仿真技术成功地预示运载火箭模态参数,预示的模态与随后进行的实尺运载火箭模态试验所测到的模态非常一致,进而验证介绍的仿真技术的可靠性;另一个是CZ-2F载人运载火箭全箭模态试验仿真,它为箭船耦合动力学分析提供了可靠数学模型与数据。这两个大型工程应用实例说明了运载火箭模态试验仿真技术的工程实用性。     

A systematic approach to nonlinear rotorcraft model identification

The development of a powerful parameter estimation routine and its integration into the simulation environment HOST is described. With this tool approaches are being made towards new strategies of mathematical modeling, aimed at providing highly accurate and nevertheless run-time efficient simulation models. The identification routine is capable of optimizing parameterized models in both dynamic time domain simulation and static (e.g. trim state variation) conditions. Examples of both cases are presented to emphasize the improvement in the system response prediction and to demonstrate the abilities of the identification techniques in combination with the nonlinear simulation platform. This article reviews the activities and achievements accomplished by the DLR Institute of Flight Research and the ONERA Systems Control and Flight Dynamics Department during the last few years in the research on rotorcraft flight dynamics modeling and model identification. Future activities that require extensive high fidelity modeling are in the scope of the current and coming modeling activities that include the use of the presented methods and software technologies.     

Modeling novel methodologies for unmanned aerial systems–Applications to the UAS-S4 Ehecatl and the UAS-S45 Bálaam

The rising demand for Unmanned Aerial Systems(UASs) to perform tasks in hostile environments has emphasized the need for their simulation models for the preliminary evaluations of their missions. The efficiency of the UAS model is directly related to its capacity to estimate its flight dynamics with minimum computational resources. The literature describes several techniques to estimate accurate aircraft flight dynamics. Most of them are based on system identification. This paper presents an alternative methodology to obtain complete model of the S4 and S45 unmanned aerial systems. The UAS-S4 and the UAS-S45 models were divided into four sub-models, each corresponding to a specific discipline: aerodynamics, propulsion, mass and inertia, and actuator. The‘‘aerodynamic sub-model was built using the Fderivatives in-house code, which is an improvement of the classical DATCOM procedure. The ‘‘propulsion sub-model was obtained by coupling a two-stroke engine model based on the ideal Otto cycle and a Blade Element Theory(BET) analysis of the propeller. The ‘‘mass and the inertia sub-model was designed utilizing the Raymer and DATCOM methodologies. A sub-model of an actuator using servomotor characteristics was employed to complete the model. The total model was then checked by validation of each submodel with numerical and experimental data. The results indicate that the obtained model was accurate and could be used to design a flight simulator.     

大厚度铝合金飞行器结构的焊接

介绍了采用熔化极脉冲氦弧焊工艺焊接大厚度铝合金燃料箱的优越性。     

Structurally coupled characteristics of rotor blade using new rigid-flexible dynamic model based on geometrically exact formulation

In rotor dynamics, blades are normally modelled as a slender beam, in which elastic deformations are coupled with each other. To identify these coupling effects, new rigid-flexible structural model for helicopter rotor system is proposed in this paper. Finite rotations of the whole blade(on flapwise, lagwise, and torsional) are described as three global rigid degrees of freedom.The nonlinear deformation geometrics of the beam is built on geometrically exact beam theory.New expressions for blade ...     

基于内模原理的涡轴发动机状态反馈控制方法

某型涡轴发动机全权限数控系统采用了状态反馈控制方式.根据内模原理, 引入伺服补偿器, 使设计的控制系统不仅具有较强的鲁棒性, 而且在用于指令跟踪时能消除稳态误差;根据性能指标要求设计了状态反馈控制器, 从而提高控制系统的品质.与目前的PID控制方式相比较, 半物理模拟试验结果表明该控制方式有显著的性能改进.      

考虑预应力和液体影响的圆柱壳颤振分析

 为了研究预应力和液体对圆柱壳颤振的影响,采用杂交元方法,建立了圆柱壳的气动弹性方程。由Sanders薄壳理论和经典有限元理论,从壳的精确解推导节点位移函数入手,并由一阶活塞理论得到结构的气动阻尼矩阵和刚度矩阵,最终推导出考虑预应力和内部液体影响的圆柱壳的混合有限元公式和气动弹性方程。通过特征值法验证了此种有限元方法的正确性,并重点研究了预应力和内部注有液体对圆柱壳稳定性的影响。计算结果表明:预应力和液体对圆柱壳的颤振特性有显著的影响。     

半球谐振子薄壁厚度不均匀性对陀螺精度的影响

针对半球谐振陀螺仪的工艺制造偏差,研究半球谐振子薄壁厚度不均匀对陀螺精度的影响,建立误差模型,分析误差机理．首先对谐振子进行应变分析,然后分析薄壳微元的受力情况,根据力和力矩平衡方程建立半球谐振子动力学方程,得出由于厚度不均匀造成的半球谐振陀螺仪角速率误差．研究结果表明其傅立叶展开式的1～3次谐波项对角速率误差无影响,而4次谐波有影响．为提高陀螺精度,对陀螺厚度不均匀加以平衡．     

飞艇系留系统静态与动态仿真研究

文章建立了飞艇系留系统多体力学仿真模型,将绳索处理为质点-弹簧-阻尼系统,在有风条件下针对某型飞艇产品进行了静力学和动力学分析。结果表明,张力从地面沿系留绳逐渐增大,在与飞艇连接处达到峰值;在一定范围内,随着飞艇攻角的增加,飞艇的驻空高度增加,偏移量减小,但绳索内部张力也有显著的提高;绳索质量增大会影响飞艇系留系统性能;随着风速的增加,飞艇的水平偏移量增大,驻空高度降低,绳索张力增大;在变风场条件下,绳索内张力波动范围不大。     

基于直升机舰面起降动态仿真的风限图计算

建立了基于直升机舰面起降动态仿真的风限图（WOD）计算方法,综合计入舰船尾流、直升机运动和驾驶员操控等多因素的作用提升风限图计算的准确度。基于耦合舰船非定常尾流的飞行动力学模型,发展了适于直升机多轴协同操控的驾驶员模型,建立了舰面起降轨迹的数学描述和生成方法,形成计入舰船尾流、直升机运动和驾驶员操控等多因素综合作用的直升机舰面起降动态仿真方法。在此基础上,总结风限图计算判据,建立风限图计算方法。计算结果表明,某些风况下直升机在舰面起飞和降落过程中受到舰船尾流的干扰远大于在甲板上方悬停时受到的作用。本文方法能够捕捉到不同起降点和起降方式导致舰船尾流时空变化的干扰,与传统计算方法相比,显著提升了风限图计算的准确度。