细长旋成体大迎角非对称流动特性的试验研究

简要介绍了细长体大迎角流动非对称性的试验结果,分析了Re数、湍流度和安装条件等因素对大迎角流动非对称性的影响,探讨了大迎角流动非对称性的产生机制。文章最后着重阐述了该研究得出的一些支持细长体大迎角流动非对称性产生机制的空间动力不稳定性观点的理由。     

细长翼身组合体前体非对称涡特性研究

通过低速和高速风洞试验对翼身组合体的前体非对称分离涡气动特性的研究,以及对旋成体非对称涡进行了大量的资料研究,结果表明:本专题所研制的细长翼身组合体的前体在较大迎角下有多个非对称涡;迎角、旋成体的外形,尤其是头部的几何形状是细长前体出现非对称涡的关键因素。     

基于伪谱法的小天体最优下降轨迹优化方法

针对小天体着陆探测下降阶段的多约束轨迹优化问题,基于Gauss伪谱法进行了燃耗最优下降轨迹优化设计,得出了燃耗最优下降轨迹。建立了小天体下降轨迹优化问题的最优控制问题模型,采用Gauss伪谱法进行离散化,转化为非线性规划问题进行了求解。数学仿真结果显示:优化结果符合各项约束条件,以零速度到达了目标着陆点,且符合燃耗最优的优化目标。利用Gauss伪谱法进行小天体最优下降轨迹优化,计算速度快,求解精度高。     

Low-thrust transfer to Backflip orbits

The aim of the work is to design a low-thrust transfer from a Low Earth Orbit to a “useful” periodic orbit in the Earth–Moon Circular Restricted Three Body Model (CR3BP). A useful periodic orbit is here intended as one that moves both in the Earth–Moon plane and out of this plane without any requirements of propellant mass. This is achieved by exploiting a particular class of periodic orbits named Backflip orbits, enabled by the CR3BP. The unique characteristics of this class of periodic solutions allow the design of an almost planar transfer from a geocentric orbit and the use of the Backflip intrinsic characteristics to explore the geospace out of the Earth–Moon plane. The main advantage of this approach is that periodic plane changes can be obtained by performing an almost planar transfer. In order to save propellant mass, so as to increase the scientific payload of the mission, a low-powered transfer is considered. This foresees a thrusting phase to gain energy from a departing circular geocentric orbit and a second thrusting phase to match the state of the target Backflip orbit, separated by an intermediate ballistic phase. This results in a combined application of a low-thrust manoeuvre and of a periodical solution in the CR3BP to realize a new class of missions to explore the Earth–Moon neighbourhoods in a quite inexpensive way. In addition, a low-thrust transit between two different Backflip orbits is analyzed and considered as a possible extension of the proposed mission. Thus, also a Backflip-to-Backflip transfer is addressed where a low-powered probe is able to experience periodic excursions above and below the Earth–Moon plane only performing almost planar and very short transfers.     

小天体探测自主绕飞智能规划建模

针对小天体探测存在显著通讯延迟、任务执行效率低等问题,梳理了小天体探测智能规划需求,面向自主绕飞任务开展了智能规划研究。首先将该问题分解为平台任务智能规划和载荷任务智能规划两部分。针对平台任务智能规划问题,基于PDDL语言设计了探测器自主管理知识模型,提出了基于状态时间线扩展的求解算法;针对任务智能规划问题,建立了基于CSP问题的智能规划数学模型,提出了基于遗传策略的求解算法。最后开发了仿真系统进行算法验证。仿真结果表明:该方法可综合平台与载荷需求,在存储、能源、通信等多种约束条件下,对绕飞探测任务进行统一的任务规划,并得到指令序列和动作序列,能够提高任务管控的智能化程度,降低任务操作的复杂性。     

Dynamics in the Phobos environment

The dynamical environment on and about the Martian moon Phobos is explored. This planetary moon provides a unique dynamical environment in the solar system, being subject to extreme tidal forces and having a characteristically non-spherical shape. Further, it is not in a fully circular orbit, meaning that it has librations that arise from its eccentricity, contributing to a periodic forcing environment. Thus, to plan and implement missions in the vicinity of and on Phobos will require these considerations be taken into account. In this paper the latest published models of the Phobos shape and dynamics are used to characterize its dynamical environment in close proximity orbit about the body, for motion across its surface and for controlled hovering motion in its vicinity. It is found that surface motion is subject to a number of “speed limits” that can cause a moving vehicle to leave the surface and to possibly escape the moon and enter orbit about Mars. In terms of orbital stability, the existence of libration orbit families are characterized down to the surface using an exact potential, and the known stable QSO orbits are shown to be associated with families of stable quasi-periodic orbits.     

组合体航天器智能协同姿态控制研究

组合体航天器在姿态机动过程中的各单体卫星承受的控制力是不均匀的,局部控制力过大将会导致组合链接断裂而失效。应用多体动力学理论建立了组合体航天器间的相互作用模型,对内力、内力矩与整星姿态、控制力矩之间的关系进行了分析;仿真了极端情况下的内力矩分布,其大小可能超过常用对接机构的力矩承受范围;采用粒子群算(PSO)法对控制合力矩进行优化分配,通过预设初值和继承初值来加快PSO算法的收敛速度,实时调整各星控制力矩分配比例,减小星间相互作用力,实现组合体航天器的智能协同控制,保证组合体航天器的连接铰不因受力过大而损坏。算法仿真和Adams软件验证分析表明,本文建立的相互作用模型可准确计算出星间相互作用力,提出的智能协同姿控算法可显著降低姿控过程中的星间内力,确保组合体航天器的安全。     

钝体稳焰器尾涡控制研究

采用流场显示技术观察研究了尾流中加设隔板后钝体尾流的流动稳定特性;在V形钝体后加设隔板,作为火焰稳定装置,测量了其流阻特性,并进行了火焰稳定性能试验.试验研究和讨论了这种简单尾涡控制技术的各种效果.     

用非结构动网格方法模拟有相对运动的多体绕流

发展了用于模拟有相对运动的多体非定常绕流，并计算由流场决定的外弹道的数值方法。该方法采用非结构动网格，显式NND有限体 格式，求解非定常Euler方程，并耦合了刚体动力学方程，作为例证，计算了俯仰振动的NACA0012翼型绕流，计算结果与实验及文献结果吻合，最后，整个策略用于计算二维机翼－外挂物分离流场，并确定了外挂物下落轨迹。     

小天体动能撞击防御中动量传递因子敏感参数分析

动量传递因子 $ \beta $ 是评估动能撞击效果的重要参量。根据动能撞击过程中动量传递因子的理论模型,分析了撞击器特性参数和小天体结构特性参数对动量传递因子取值的影响,并对不同动能撞击方案以及不同材料特性小天体的成坑效应和动量传递因子进行分析。研究表明：标度律参数 $ \mu $ 对 $ \beta $ 影响较大, $ \mu $ 是地面实验拟合得到的系数,与材料强度特性相关;当小天体为单体岩石结构时,撞击器速度及密度、小天体密度及表面强度对 $ \beta $ 影响较大,而撞击器半径和小天体引力对 $ \beta $ 影响较小;当小天体为碎石堆结构时, $ \beta $ 对撞击器特性参数和小天体特性参数不敏感,且数值较小。对三种不同动能撞击方案的成坑效应与动量传递因子形成规律进行研究,发现撞击器初始动能对 $ \beta $ 影响较大。当小天体为单体岩石结构时,其对应的动量传递因子取值较大,而当小天体为碎石堆结构时,其对应的 $ \beta $ 取值较小且基本不变。对相同动能撞击方案下不同材料特性小天体（C型、S型和X型小行星）产生的撞击效应进行分析,发现在引力主导时,βC>βS >βX,而在强度主导时 $ \beta $ 取值较小且基本相同。