合成射流大攻角非对称涡控制的试验研究

利用合成射流对细长旋成体大攻角非对称涡控制进行了研究,基于合成射流激励器设计了一频率高达1kHz的非定常小扰动控制机构,并将其成功应用于大攻角非对称涡主动流动控制。应用天平测力和七孔探针流场测试技术,研究了合成射流非定常小扰动电压和频率对非对称涡的控制特性和规律。结果表明,采用合成射流能够完全消除背涡的非对称性,扰动频率是影响非对称涡控制的一个关键参数,高频扰动下模型背风区非对称涡结构趋于无控制流态。且文中结果发现,当攻角α=57.5°、非定常小扰动频率fs=150Hz时,即可将非对称涡完全控制成为对称涡。     

Characteristics of pulsed plasma synthetic jet and its control effect on supersonic flow

The plasma synthetic jet is a novel flow control approach which is currently being studied. In this paper its characteristic and control effect on supersonic flow is investigated both experimentally and numerically. In the experiment, the formation of plasma synthetic jet and its propagation velocity in quiescent air are recorded and calculated with time resolved schlieren method. The jet velocity is up to 100 m/s and no remarkable difference has been found after changing discharge parameters. When applied in Mach 2 supersonic flow, an obvious shockwave can be observed. In the modeling of electrical heating, the arc domain is not defined as an initial condition with fixed temperature or pressure, but a source term with time-varying input power density, which is expected to better describe the influence of heating process. Velocity variation with different heating efficiencies is presented and discussed and a peak velocity of 850 m/s is achieved in still air with heating power density of 5.0 · 1012W/m3. For more details on the interaction between plasma synthetic jet and supersonic flow, the plasma synthetic jet induced shockwave and the disturbances in the boundary layer are numerically researched. All the results have demonstrated the control authority of plasma synthetic jet onto supersonic flow.     

客机概念设计中主要参数初估的计算工具

主要总体参数的初估是客机概念阶段的一项重要工作。本文目的是为客机概念设计开发一个总体参数的初估工具。通过文献分析和理论推导,总结出一种初步确定客机主要总体参数的方法。该方法只需输入商载、航程、飞行性能要求,以及较少的预估参数,就可计算出翼载、推重比和重量特性。根据该方法,应用MATLAB编程技术开发了一个具有良好用户界面的计算工具。算例验证表明,由该计算工具确定出的总体主要参数与参考机型基本一致。     

民机机头复合材料风挡结构鸟撞分析

在鸟体撞击风挡结构过程中,鸟体与风挡结构撞击相对速度很大,呈现出流体特性,属于典型的流固耦合瞬态冲击动力学问题。首先针对文献中的鸟撞铝板试验采用任意的拉格朗日-欧拉(ALE)流固耦合方法进行了分析,对计算方法与鸟体模型进行了验证。然后建立了包括风挡玻璃、风挡骨架以及蒙皮在内的民机全尺寸风挡结构抗鸟撞动响应分析的有限元模型,进行了鸟撞数值模拟,其中风挡骨架与蒙皮采用复合材料。全尺寸的复合材料风挡骨架目前还没有应用到民机上,因此,对复合材料风挡结构的研究是很有意义的。     

杆和板弹性正碰撞的瞬态响应

把分析质点和结构碰撞问题的方法推广用于分析杆结构和板结构的弹性碰撞响应问题。并且对各种边界条件的杆、板碰撞问题进行了规一化处理。从而进一步说明了用模态叠加法求解结构弹性撞击载荷的可行性。算例证明了本方法的方便性和可靠性     

二维升降法

 提出了一种二维升降法,该方法不仅适用于极小样本情况,而且还可以综合利用以往积累的试验数据和当前的试验数据来预测敏感性变量的百分位值（安全疲劳极限、安全冲击强度等）和百分率（可靠度、破坏率等）。与传统的只能利用当前试验数据的升降法相比,其可利用的信息量有了大幅度增加,所以,在精度相同的情况下,可以节省大量试件;而在试件数一定的条件下,又能提高预测精度。还给出了一个对比实例。     

某运载火箭级间分离喷流干扰风洞试验研究

对某运载火箭级间分离特性进行了风洞试验研究,内流采用冷喷流模拟技术,获得了助推器与芯级同时分离和助推器先分离时,两级在有、无喷流、同轴变迎角情况下的气动力系数,试验结果表明,助推器与芯级同时分离和助推器先分离两种情况下,一、二级箭体各自的气动力系数变化很小,这说明助推器与芯级同时分离的方案是可行的.风洞试验研究结果为运载火箭级间分离方案设计和火箭控制系统参数设计提供了依据.     

涡扇发动机起动机辅助空中起动方案设计和试验

研究和设计了涡扇发动机起动机辅助空中起动方案,进行了起动机辅助空中起动的地面试验、高空台试验和飞行验证试验.试验结果表明:起动机辅助空中起动能扩大涡扇发动机的空中起动包线,能提高飞机空中停车后进行空中起动的可靠性,保证飞机的安全飞行.      

铝-铝超高速碰撞闪光现象的初步实验测量

 为了研究不同碰撞参数条件下超高速碰撞闪光的特点及闪光温度的变化规律,构建了高温计及附属实验测量系统平台,利用该平台进行了超高速碰撞闪光的初步测量。根据Planck辐射的基本理论,对每次实验的碰撞闪光强度进行了4种波长的采集并对温度进行了拟合计算,得到了碰撞闪光温度历史。实验结果表明：对于弹丸、靶板材料均为LY12铝而言,碰撞角度（与靶板平面夹角）相同、碰撞速度在5.35~5.97 km/s范围内时,碰撞速度对碰撞闪光温度影响不明显;然而,碰撞速度相近,碰撞角度越大,碰撞闪光温度越高。     

Spacecraft formation flying for Earth-crossing object deflections using a power limited laser ablating

A formation flying strategy with an Earth-crossing object (ECO) is proposed to avoid the Earth collision. Assuming that a future conceptual spacecraft equipped with a powerful laser ablation tool already rendezvoused with a fictitious Earth collision object, the optimal required laser operating duration and direction histories are accurately derived to miss the Earth. Based on these results, the concept of formation flying between the object and the spacecraft is applied and analyzed as to establish the spacecraft’s orbital motion design strategy. A fictitious “Apophis”-like object is established to impact with the Earth and two major deflection scenarios are designed and analyzed. These scenarios include the cases for the both short and long laser operating duration to avoid the Earth impact. Also, requirement of onboard laser tool’s for both cases are discussed. As a result, the optimal initial conditions for the spacecraft to maintain its relative trajectory to the object are discovered. Additionally, the discovered optimal initial conditions also satisfied the optimal required laser operating conditions with no additional spacecraft’s own fuel expenditure to achieve the spacecraft formation flying with the ECO. The initial conditions founded in the current research can be used as a spacecraft’s initial rendezvous points with the ECO when designing the future deflection missions with laser ablation tools. The results with proposed strategy are expected to make more advances in the fields of the conceptual studies, especially for the future deflection missions using powerful laser ablation tools.