A fast numerical approach for Whipple shield ballistic limit analysis

Whipple shield is widely used on manned spacecraft, numerical simulation is an important way for obtaining the ballistic limit. The large population of particles and the large space span of Whipple shield simulation model restrict the computational efficiency. A fast numerical approach is presented for Whipple shield ballistic limit analysis. First, the critical penetration analysis of the rear walls is converted into specific impulse analysis delivered by the secondary debris cloud, because the maximum of specific impulse is the main determinant of the penetration. The dual plate simulation model is then converted into single plate model and the population of particles is reduced. Second, based on the isotropic expansion theory of secondary debris cloud, the specific impulse analysis is further converted into particle position and velocity analysis when the stable secondary debris formed. The space span of the simulation model is reduced. An example of Whipple shield ballistic limit analysis is provided for the verification of the fast numerical approach, it shows that this approach can significantly increase the computation efficiency with acceptable accuracy.     

Hypervelocity fragment formation technology for ground-based laboratory tests

Cumulative jet formation was regarded aimed at the formation of hypervelocity fragments up to 14 km/s for the investigation of space debris effects on shielding screens. The basic physical problems of jet formation process are analyzed. It is shown that in process of realization of hyper-cumulation conditions for jet formation without complete stagnation point involving formation of the inner zone of constant pressure (dead zone), the flow mass is always greater than slug mass. That opens wide the possibilities for increasing fragment mass in laboratory tests.     

空投雷弹入水冲击头型特性参数分析

针对目前雷弹头型的多样性和多种描述方式,从雷弹头部外型特点出发,在前人描述外型的无量纲参数基础上,重点分析了Baldwin和Waugh的特性参数的优缺点,提出一种更为合理的具有普适性的无量纲新型特性参数,可以普遍描述雷弹头型,并且根据其与入水冲击阻力系数的关系,给出尖拱体长细比与入水冲击阻力系数的关系式和新型描述参数与入水冲击阻力系数的关系式,可以方便地求出各类头型垂直入水冲击载荷的峰值,为尖拱族结构入水冲击载荷计算提供了一种便捷的方法,拓展了不同头型的结构体垂向入水冲击理论。     

A ballistic limit equation for hypervelocity impacts on composite honeycomb sandwich panel satellite structures

During a recent experimental test campaign performed in the framework of ESA Contract 16721, the ballistic performance of multiple satellite-representative Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic (CFRP)/Aluminium honeycomb sandwich panel structural configurations (GOCE, Radarsat-2, Herschel/Planck, BeppoSax) was investigated using the two-stage light-gas guns at EMI. The experimental results were used to develop and validate a new empirical Ballistic Limit Equation (BLE), which was derived from an existing Whipple-shield BLE. This new BLE provided a good level of accuracy in predicting the ballistic performance of stand-alone sandwich panel structures. Additionally, the equation is capable of predicting the ballistic limit of a thin Al plate located at a standoff behind the sandwich panel structure. This thin plate is the representative of internal satellite systems, e.g. an Al electronic box cover, a wall of a metallic vessel, etc. Good agreement was achieved with both the experimental test campaign results and additional test data from the literature for the vast majority of set-ups investigated. For some experiments, the ballistic limit was conservatively predicted, a result attributed to shortcomings in correctly accounting for the presence of high surface density multi-layer insulation on the outer facesheet. Four existing BLEs commonly applied for application with stand-alone sandwich panels were reviewed using the new impact test data. It was found that a number of these common approaches provided non-conservative predictions for sandwich panels with CFRP facesheets.     

基于误差反馈补偿的攻击无人机角度和时间控制

在攻击无人机群协同攻击中,为了提高机群的整体突防能力,达到最佳的攻击和作战效能,有必要同时控制无人机的攻击角度和攻击时间。首先利用最优控制理论,在对飞行运动学模型进行线性化的前提下,通过加速度微分来实现对角度和时间的同时控制。但是,当终端入射角较大时,由于线性化假设不再成立,使得控制精度比较差。针对这一问题,利用具有高反馈效率的非线性误差反馈,把由于线性化引起的误差通过补偿反馈到系统回路中去,从而大幅度提高了控制精度。数值仿真结果验证了方法的有效性。     

单层板撞击成坑声发射辨识及参数估计研究

空间碎片撞击航天器的威胁对发展在轨感知系统提出需求,为研制基于声发射技术的感知系统,有必要研究利用声发射波形分析对防护结构进行损伤模式辨识的方法。文章利用超声传感器进行了铝弹丸超高速撞击单层板的声发射信号采集实验及其数值仿真,并对波形在时域和频域内进行分析,结果表明:声发射波形的主波谷值随撞击速度增加而线性增加,直到防护结构被击穿;声发射波形中的高频分量与低频分量幅值之比存在一个区别成坑模式与击穿模式的阈值。基于上述结果提出了一种在撞击弹丸尺寸已知条件下辨识成坑模式并对其撞击速度及其弹坑尺寸进行估计的方案。     

合成射流控制翼型分离的流动显示与PIV测量

合成射流是一种新型的流动控制技术,近年来引起广泛关注.本文首先利用热线风速仪测量了基于声激励的合成射流流动特性,确定了最佳输入信号频率;采用流动显示和PIV测试技术,研究了合成射流对二维翼型分离流动的控制效果.研究结果表明,合成射流可以有效地抑制二维翼型在大迎角下的分离流动;PIV测试结果进一步表明,合成射流开启后使翼型上表面分离区域减小,分离点后移.应用合成射流控制翼型流动分离,可以大大改善翼型在大迎角下的气动特性.     

电性拓扑态指数预测硝基类含能材料撞击感度

应用电性拓扑态(E-state)指数模拟分析了硝基类含能化合物的撞击感度,采用逐步回归构建了5个变量的定量结构-性质相关模型,模型的相关系数和标准偏差分别为0.907和0.1713,交叉验证相关系数及均方根误差分别为0.941和0.1869,模型具有较高的可靠性、相关度和预测能力。模型分析表明,电性拓扑态指数与硝基类化合物的撞击感度有较好的相关性,原子的电性状态是影响撞击感度的重要因素。     

航天器空间碎片被动防护技术

文章介绍了空间碎片被动防护技术的主要技术路线及其三个核心研究内容,即风险评估、防护技术及超高速撞击试验,并对我国空间碎片被动防护技术体系的建设提出了一些初步建议。     

平滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)方法的进展

平滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)方法是一种无网格Lagrangian计算技术,在处理一些问题时,比以Lagrangian坐标系和Eulerian坐标系为基础的常规网格有独特的优越性,特别适用于处理物质质点的流动性极大的问题,如超高速碰撞问题.文章对SPH的理论和计算方法做了简单的介绍,并对其发展过程和现状做了简单的回顾.