不同飞行条件下反流控制矢量喷管的内流特性

利用数值模拟方法,分析了不同飞行条件下反流控制矢量喷管的内流特性.结果表明:在所研究的范围内,静态条件下,不发生主流附着的情况下,所研究的2种缝宽喷管模型产生反向二次流的抽吸压强范围分别为60 795~87 139.5 Pa,50 662.5~91 192.5 Pa;且矢量角随着抽吸压强的增大而减小,推力系数则随之增大.在外流马赫数为0.6和1.2时,对于较小缝宽的喷管模型,均有不同程度的主流附着现象发生,无法应用于实际的矢量流场控制.对于较大缝宽喷管模型,在马赫数为0.6时,不发生主流附着的情况下,产生反流的抽吸压强为40 530~87 139.5 Pa.而马赫数为1.2时在所研究的二次压强下都无反流产生.      

空间碎片撞击气瓶穿孔孔径预测公式研究

星上压力容器中储存有高压气体或液体,在受到空间碎片和微流星体超高速撞击时可能发生灾难性事故。文章采用均匀实验设计方法对星上常用高压气瓶的超高速撞击仿真方案进行了试验设计,并通过LS-DYNA仿真软件对其进行了超高速撞击数值仿真,获取了不同参数的弹丸撞击气瓶时气瓶器壁穿孔孔径。通过对器壁穿孔孔径的数据拟合,建立了无防护情况下气瓶器壁的穿孔孔径预测公式。与试验结果对比表明,建立的穿孔孔径预测公式具有一定的预测精度。     

热射流点火对爆震管内火焰加速及爆震波触发影响的数值研究

为研究热射流点火对爆震管内火焰加速及爆震波触发的影响,运用34步26组分丙烷基元反应进行了二维数值模拟,获得了5种不同的热射流发生器几何结构下的爆震管内火焰传播规律及缓燃向爆震转捩(deflagration to detonation transition,DDT)的时间与距离.结果表明:爆震管中湍流在火焰加速阶段起着重要作用,在爆震波触发阶段激波与火焰相互作用占有主导地位.根据DDT过程的定义,得到DDT时间在1.4~2.0ms之间,同时发现热射流发生器长度为150mm,热射流发生器孔径在8mm时DDT时间最短,热射流发生器长度及孔径对DDT距离的影响不大.      

脉冲射流控制弯曲扩压管道流动分离的特点

结合弯曲扩压通道的脉冲射流总体控制规律,开展了不同射流频率下通道内流场的稳定及动态特性分析.研究结果表明:定常射流控制状态下,流场内沿径向不同位置流动特性的变化幅度基本相同,定常射流通过压制通道内复杂流动现象达到整体线性地改变通道内流场特性的效果;而在合理脉冲射流控制状态下,脉冲射流对流场的影响主要是通过改变分离涡的脉动时空特性,沿径向逐步增强对流场的影响,从而使得主流区内总压损失降低幅度最为明显,此时扩压通道内占主导地位分离涡的周期性特征有了明显的改善,流场拟序结构更为有序.      

Suppressing unsteady motion of shock wave by high-frequency plasma synthetic jet

Three Plasma Synthetic Jet Actuators (PSJA) under the high-frequency actuation are used to control the Shock Wave Boundary Layer Interaction (SWBLI), a high-speed schlieren image processing method based on spatial Fourier transform as well as snapshot proper orthogonal decomposition were used to study the control effect of high-frequency plasma synthetic jet on low-frequency unsteadiness of SWBLI. The analysis of the base flow shows that the separated shock wave actually has both large- and small-amplitude vibrations at low frequency. And the results revealed that the PSJA with an operating frequency of 2 kHz has the ability to reduce the energy of low-frequency component of shock wave motion, indicating that the 2 kHz actuation can effectively suppress low-frequency unsteadiness of the separated wave. Compared with the actuation frequency of 2 kHz, the energy of low-frequency component of the shock wave is enhanced under the 8 kHz actuation, which aggravates the low-frequency unsteady motion of the shock wave. It is likely that the actuation frequency is too high, thus the intensity of the precursor shock wave induced by PSJA becomes weaker. Additionally, as the 4 kHz actuation is applied, the pulsation of the separation region was enhanced, it is speculated that the actuation frequency is coupled with the oscillation frequency of the separation region.     

Numerical simulation of a UAV impacting engine fan blades

A 3D digital model of a small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is obtained by using the method of scanning reverse modeling and joint mapping. A numerical simulation of a small UAV strikes on rotary engine blades, presented in this paper, was performed with a Transient Nonlinear Finite Element code PAM-CRASH software. A test of motor strike on plate was developed and the dynamic response of the plate were obtained to validate the numerical simulation method of a UAV strike on blades. Based on this, dynamic damage response caused by UAV on the engine blades were studied. It is indicated that the impact process between the UAV and a single blade can be divided into two typical stages: cutting and impact. Cutting mainly leads to the failure of the leading edge material, and impact mainly leads to the plastic deformation of the blade. At the same time, it is compared with the damage impacted by bird with the same mass. For the same mass of bird and UAV, the damage caused by UAV striking fan blade is more serious, and 1.345 kg UAV striking fan blade of typical civil aviation engine is enough to cause damage to flight safety.     

月壤剖面冲击贯入式探测方案研究

以月壤剖面的原位探测为目标,提出一种利用土体结构侵彻原理的冲击式贯入器设计方案。重点阐述了冲击式贯入器的工作原理和机构实现方案,并开展多方案设计与分析。研制了原理样机并开展实验验证,证明利用冲击式贯入方法实现月壤剖面自动潜入的可行性,并对我国未来开展月壤剖面原位探测提出了相关建议。     

基于光学图像的撞击坑识别研究综述

当前,随着深空探测研究工作的需要,将信息科学的图像处理、模式识别技术应用到空间探测领域成为必然。基于光学图像的撞击坑自主检测技术就是将信息科学的图像处理技术应用到空间科学研究中的一个很好例证,近年来得到了各国学者的重视。本文针对这一领域的相关研究进行了介绍与分析。首先,对这一技术的研究意义从地质学、天体表面结构和特征数据库建设、探测器导航三个角度加以说明;其次,详细阐述了该技术的研究现状,简要介绍了其中一些经典算法,并将相关算法分为三类:全自主检测算法、半自主检测算法和组合检测算法;最后,提出了该技术研究所面临的难点和未来研究方向与应用空间,以及介绍了作者在这一方面的研究进展。     

压缩氮气驱动的高速气炮实验技术

文章介绍压缩氮气驱动的二级气炮、三级气炮的研制背景、设计技术和发射性能特点,分析活塞质量、弹丸质量、驱动气压和泵管初充气压等发射参数对发射弹速和发射效果的影响,分析了制约提高弹速上限的主要因素,还介绍利用上述二级气炮和三级气炮开展的若干实验研究情况,评估压缩氮气驱动多级气炮的开发应用前景。     

某型火工解锁装置降冲击设计与试验验证

某型火工解锁装置主要用于星上大型载荷的连接和分离,针对其解锁冲击大的情况开展了降冲击理论研究,完成了基于蜂窝缓冲原理的降冲击改进设计。试验验证表明,改进前后的冲击峰值由大于11 000g降低到1500g以下,降冲击设计效果明显。