半封闭通道射流冲击孔流量系数的实验

对半封闭通道射流冲击孔的流量系数进行了实验研究,针对单排、双排冲击孔结构,在变化各种几何参数及流动参数的情况下,较为系统地获得了射流孔展向间距与射流孔直径之比、射流孔流向间距与射流孔直径之比、射流冲击间距与射流孔直径之比、射流孔倾角等因素对于流量系数随射流雷诺数的变化曲线.通过对比分析,讨论了各种因素对流量系数的影响.      

静电场对轴对称射流雾化效果的影响

设计和组装一台实验装置,研究了柴油通过压缩空气进行喷射时,静电场对轴对称射流液体的浓度分布影响。结果表明：在无电场作用时,随着靶盘距喷嘴距离的增加,液流浓度逐渐减小;当喷雾压力增加时,射流轴线上的液流浓度变化较大;随着距轴心线距离的增加,液流浓度的变化逐渐趋于平缓,最后基本达到稳定。在静电场作用时,随着电场强度逐渐增大,液流的雾化分布与增加空气压力时液流的雾化分布具有基本相同的特点,电场强度对射流轴线上液流浓度的影响最为明显。利用实验结果拟合了液流浓度的准则关系式,得到了无量纲坐标内液流浓度的变化规律,为获得最佳雾化效果的设计提供了参考。     

冲击载荷作用下38CrMoAl渗氮钢损伤机理和耐腐蚀性能

为研究38CrMoAl渗氮钢材料在冲击载荷与海洋环境侵蚀共同作用下的损伤机理和耐腐蚀性能,对渗氮处理前后的38CrMoAl钢材料进行了冲击加载试验和腐蚀性能测试。研究发现渗氮38CrMoAl钢材料在高应变率下具有较强的正应变率敏感性。在冲击载荷作用下,试件表面渗氮层出现裂纹,并伴随着渗氮层的部分脆性剥落,但裂纹长度均在500~700 μm,裂纹只在渗氮层中扩展,并没有继续延伸至非渗氮层的金属基体内部。渗氮处理提高了材料表面硬度和强度,但降低了韧性。电化学测试结果表明渗氮处理显著提高了材料的耐腐蚀性能,其自腐蚀电位相对于未渗氮试件由-726.24 mV正移至-174.42 mV。但冲击加载后的渗氮试件由于表面渗氮层的破损,部分金属基体露出并与未发生破坏的表面形成电势差,进而发生较为强烈的电偶腐蚀。扫描开尔文探针测试结果表明,渗氮件表面阴阳极电位差及电位分散程度相对于未渗氮件增大,渗氮件更易发生局部腐蚀。冲击加载改变了渗氮层的表面状态,阴阳极电位差增加,使材料表面腐蚀变得更加不均匀。对试件耐腐蚀性能进行了盐雾试验验证,盐雾试验结果与电化学测试分析结果相一致,在舰载机维护保养中,应关注受冲击部位渗氮层的裂纹检查,并做好相应的防腐处理。     

面对称重复使用运载器尾部喷流风洞试验

研究面对称重复使用运载器尾部发动机的喷流干扰特性对于飞行器设计具有重要意义。在中国航天空气动力技术研究院的FD-12风洞中开展了亚/跨声速飞行条件下的喷流试验。试验使用常温压缩空气作为喷流介质模拟发动机的高温燃气,采用的相似参数包括：飞行器的几何外形尺寸、飞行器的飞行马赫数、发动机喷管的出口马赫数、发动机喷流与自由来流静压比。试验结果表明了发动机喷流对全飞行器气动特性和体襟翼铰链力矩的影响随来流马赫数、喷管、体襟翼偏角等因素的变化规律。     

改型对剑形深波谷交变波瓣喷管射流掺混的作用

结合现有交变波瓣喷管的特点对基准波瓣喷管进行处理,设计了一种新型交变波瓣喷管——剑形深波谷交变波瓣喷管.采用数值方法研究了扇形处理和斜切处理对剑形深波谷交变波瓣喷管射流掺混的作用.结果显示,随着扇形处理和斜切处理各自改型程度的增加,波峰尾流区掺混速度变快,而核心区主流完全掺混所需距离略有增加.斜切处理促进掺混能力优于扇形处理,扇形处理后引射能力和流动损失基本不变,斜切处理后引射能力和流动损失稍有减小.计算结果还表明流向涡的形态对掺混效率的影响大于流向涡的强弱.     

Numerical investigation of the nonreacting and reacting flow fields in a transverse gaseous injection channel with different species

The mixing and combustion process has an important impact on the engineering realization of the scramjet engine. The nonreacting and reacting flow fields in a transverse injection channel have been investigated numerically, and the predicted results have been compared with the available experimental data in the open literature, the wall pressure distributions, the separation length, as well as the penetration height. Further, the influences of the molecular weight of the fuel and the jet-to-crossflow pressure ratio on the wall pressure distribution have been studied. The obtained results show that the predicted results show reasonable agreement with the experimental data, and the variable trends of the penetration height and the separation distance are almost the same as those obtained in the experiment. The vapor pressure model is suitable to fit the relationship between the penetration height, the separation distance and the jet-to-crossflow pressure ratio. The combustion process mainly occurs upstream of the injection port, and it makes a great difference to the wall pressure distribution upstream of the injection port, especially when the jet-to-crossflow pressure ratio is large enough, namely 17.72 and 25.15 in the range considered in the current study. For hydrogen, the combustion downstream of the injection port occurs more intensively, and this may be induced by its smaller molecular weight.     

Effects of a hot jet on detonation initiation and propagation in supersonic combustible mixtures

The effects of a hot jet on detonation initiation and propagation in supersonic combustible mixtures has been studied with two-dimensional numerical simulations with the open-source program AMROC that uses a block-structured adaptive mesh refinement method. Results indicate that the hot jet could ignite the detonation effectively in supersonic combustible mixtures like a pneumatic ramp. After the realization of the detonation initiation, the hot jet can still play an important role on the detonation propagation during its continuous ejection. For a hot jet with certain diameter, it can result in an overdriven detonation with almost constant overdrive degree. After the shutdown of the hot jet, the stable CJ detonation combustion was realized finally in the supersonic combustible mixtures. With the re-ejection of the hot jet, the failed detonation could be reinitiated quickly. Through the control of the re-ejection of the hot jet, it plays a key role not only in the initiation process, but also in the subsequent continuous detonation combustion period.     

燃气源控制气流非稳态耦合传热问题研究(Ⅰ)--计算模型和方法

针对某燃气源控制气流与导热套环之间的非稳态耦合传热问题,建立了数学模型,并采用整体求解的方法进行求解,即把流体区域的流动和对流换热与固体区域的导热过程组合起来,作为一个统一换热过程来处理。为确保计算结果在物理上的真实性,采用“假密度”法求解以温度T为求解变量的能量方程。对于非稳态控制方程离散后的离散方程采用了PISO方法进行求解。     

增强立尾效益的主动流动控制

本文叙述和讨论了某些增强立尾效益的主动流动控制（AFC）技术的研究。在NASA ERA项目支持下Rensselaer学院完成了4%和5%缩比立尾模型的合成射流AFC风洞试验,加州理工学院完成了14%缩比立尾模型的振荡射流AFC风洞试验,后者表明当动量系数为1.7%时可获50%的侧向力增量。基于将上述两种AFC技术集成于飞机系统的可行性研究,Boeing在Ames NFAC（40 ft×80 ft风洞）完成了B-757全尺寸立尾风洞模型试验,在风速为100 knots,方向舵偏角为30°和侧滑角为0°与-7.5°下,得出采用31个振荡射流激振器可获得20%侧向力增量。NASA ERA项目组与Boeing共同努力在2015年春实现了装有31个振荡射流激振器的B-757 ecoDemonstrator飞行试验。飞行员反馈和13%~16%侧向力增量的飞行试验初步分析结果表明了振荡射流AFC技术的成功。     

Experimental characteristics of a two-electrode plasma synthetic jet actuator array in serial

Plasma Synthetic Jet (PSJ) actuators have shown wide and promising application prospects in high-speed flow control, due to their advantages including high exhaust speed, wide frequency band, rapid response, and non-moving components. Although previous studies on PSJ actuators are abundant, most of them have focused on the performance of a single actuator. However, in practice, an actuator array is very necessary for large-scale aerodynamic actuation on account of the small affected area of a single PSJ. In this paper, the characteristics of a two-electrode plasma synthetic jet actuator array in serial are investigated experimentally. Compared to a parallel actuator array, the serial actuator array requires simpler power supply design and is much easier to realize. High-speed photography of the discharge evolution, voltage-current measurement, and shadowgraphy visualization are used in the investigation. Experimental results show that, for the serial actuator array, weak discharges happen firstly between energized and suspending electrodes, and then a strong pulse arc discharge is triggered. The breakdown voltage in serial is irrelevant to such factors as the number of actuators, the maximum or minimum gap in serial, the connection sequence, etc. It is mainly determined by the sum of gaps. For serial actuators with the same anode-to-cathode spacing, the energy deposition is the same, and the jet is synchronous and similar. Because of the entrainment and merging of adjacent jet vortices, the jet front speed of an aligned synchronous jet array increases as the orifice distance decreases. To achieve the highest jet front velocity, the orifice of the actuator has an optimal diameter.