准二维水下超声速垂直过膨胀射流研究

阐述了水下超声速气体垂直过膨胀射流的准二维实验研究和射流的数值计算结果。利用高速摄影仪在1000帧/s的拍摄速度下实时记录了过膨胀工况下水下垂直射流的喷射状态,清晰显示了水下气体垂直射流的演化过程;并利用专业软件FLUENT,对实验Laval喷嘴内外纯气相流场进行了数值计算,发现喷口附近存在复杂激波区,辅助分析了水下高速气体垂直射流的动态不稳定性形貌。实验与计算表明：在保持较小射流流量和保障较大马赫数的条件下,水下超声速垂直射流在水环境中引发的回击频率会得到减弱;准回击现象的发现证实了这一结论。这对于工程应用中的风口材料的＂空蚀效应＂的减弱提供了理论依据。     

低速冲击与准静态压痕力下复合材料层合板的损伤等效性

低速冲击与集中准静态压痕(QSI)力对复合材料层合板所造成的损伤具有等效性。通过两类损伤方式对比试验,获得了冲击能量(或准静态压痕力)与层合板损伤面积、损伤宽度和凹坑深度3组对应关系。3组关系的对比分析表明,凹坑深度是表征损伤的最佳参数,因此将凹坑深度作为损伤参数来建立落锤冲击损伤与准静态压痕力损伤间的等效关系。发现拐点是层合板纤维和基体整体抵抗冲击(或准静态压痕力)能力的最大值,两类试验的拐点相差很小,且两类试验变化趋势相同,说明了用集中准静态压痕试验取代落锤低速冲击试验是可行的。对相同凹坑深度下的冲击能量与准静态压痕力进行了数值分析,并提出了冲击能量与准静态压痕力间的等效性公式。研究表明,文中建立的等效性公式能够很好地反映落锤冲击能量与准静态压痕力之间的关系,可为今后由集中准静态压痕试验代替落锤冲击试验提供理论支持。     

宽高比对矩形喷管射流湍流强度影响试验

采用热线风速仪对不同宽高比圆转矩形收敛喷管射流宽、窄对称面上的湍流强度进行了试验研究,得到其沿径向和轴向的分布特征,揭示了流体微团正向脉动变化规律.湍流强度沿径向逐渐减小,宽高比小于8时,随宽高比增加而提高,宽高比大于8后,略有减小.宽、窄对称面上的湍流强度分布规律相同;在射流中心线上,湍流强度沿轴向呈现增大趋势,宽高比小于8时,随着宽高比增大而提高,大于8后,湍流强度有所降低,分布规律不变.      

超高速碰撞数值模拟的工程算法模型

提出了双层板防护结构的超高速碰撞数值模拟的工程算法模型，采取理论分析、经验公式和数值模拟相结合的研究方法来模拟碎片云的产生，以及碎片云对结构的破毁过程。本模型中，碎片云的产生采用理论分析和经验公式得到，结构响应采用有限元动力学软件Dyna3D进行计算。数值模拟结果与文献中给出的破坏效果基本一致，说明提出的工程算法是可行的，模拟得到的结果能定性的描述相应的超高速碰撞的现象，得到基本正确的结果。     

两种物态方程在超高速碰撞数值模拟中的比较

材料在超高速碰撞下将发生熔化甚至气化相变。为反映超高速碰撞中材料相变带来的影响,文章采用GRAY三相物态方程与Tillotson物态方程,对超高速碰撞进行数值模拟对比研究。研究表明:当碰撞速度在3 km/s以下时,除了靶板穿孔直径外,两种物态方程所给出的碎片云的结果基本一致;但当碰撞速度在3 km/s以上时,两种物态方程给出的数值模拟结果有较大差异,这说明在超高速碰撞中相变的产生对碎片云形状参数有较大影响。     

基于PVDF敏感器的空间碎片撞击航天器感知定位技术

从理论和实验两个方面开展了基于PVDF(Polyvinylidene Fluoride)压电薄膜敏感器的空间碎片撞击航天器感知定位技术研究,分析了基于双曲线理论的定位方法,并在理论分析的基础上,利用气枪和超高速弹道靶分别开展了平面铝板、曲面铝板等单层结构和Whipple结构下的验证实验。弹丸速度范围100m/s-3km/s,实验靶材为2mm厚的单层铝板和铝板厚为1mm、前后间距为10cm的Whipple结构,靶材上安装了4个PVDF传感器。研究结果表明：基于PVDF传感器的感知定位技术可实现空间碎片撞击航天器的位置定位,是一种可应用于航天器在轨感知空间碎片撞击系统的可选技术。     

Better ways of getting into the space business: microeconomic reform in Australian space affairs

This personal view of trends in global space enterprise suggests that, unless they adapt and re-structure, large-scale national and regional space agencies built on traditional lines may struggle to survive, at least in the developed world. With the growing maturity of speculative private sector space initiatives, the role of traditional space agencies as project managers and mediators between providers and the market may become redundant, while in the absence of a cogent national security argument, public interest in space is no longer to be relied upon to deliver large national space budgets. Australia’s newest space mission, the FedSat scientific microsatellite, was announced at the same time as the former national space program was terminated. This process and its consequences are examined as an instance of microeconomic reform, which seeks to improve productivity and competitiveness by producing a regulatory and infrastructure environment that gives business more flexibility. Historical circumstances unique to Australia may have contributed to this change of direction, but many contributing elements also apply elsewhere. The features of the new approach are identification of public sector space needs; selecting the most suitable team from both public and private sectors to manage the project; and the acceptance of a large proportion of the risk by the proponents.     

开槽砂轮缓磨时射流冲击强化换热的研究

提出了运用磨削弧区强化换热技术开发高效磨削潜力的创新构想,并在开槽砂轮的基础上研制开发了能够实现磨削弧区沿砂轮径向定向高压水射流冲击强化换热的新型磨削液供液装置;完成了关于开槽砂轮缓磨时弧区定向高压水射流冲击强化换热效果的理论计算和实验研究,计算结果与实验结果基本吻合。     

自耦合射流流动特性和相关参数影响规律的数值研究

为了得到压电驱动的自耦合射流的流场特性以及相关参数对其的影响规律,利用数值模拟的方法,借助于动网格技术模拟了压电驱动膜片的周期性运动,实现了自耦合射流腔体内部和外部流动的耦合计算,获得了和实验相一致的流动现象;当输入压电膜片的振动频率、振幅以及激发器腔室的几何尺寸不同时,自耦合射流的流动速度分布相应地进行改变。研究结果表明:数值模拟方法是合理的;模拟结果为实验参数的设定和实验件的优化设计提供了良好的理论依据。      

Experimental investigation on a cavity-step-actuated supersonic oscillating jet

Wind tunnel testing is conducted at different back pressures in a vacuum-type wind tun-nel for a novel supersonic fluidic oscillator which consists of a two-dimensional Laval nozzle, a rect-angular cavity and a backward step, to obtain its characteristics and the conditions for jet oscillating. The experimental results show that periodic asymmetrical flipping of the supersonic jet appears over certain nozzle pressure ratio (NPR) range according to schlieren visualization and pressure fluctuations. The jet flipping appears only when the jet is over expanded. The normal-ized average amplitude of the lateral pressure difference acting on the roofs of the cavity and the step varies around 0.2 while the periodic flipping appears. The supersonic jet periodic flipping fre-quencies obtained from the experiments agree well with those from the modified Rossiter mode for cavity-step acoustic resonance, but further investigations are needed to discover the underlying mechanism for the jet flipping.