CFM56系列发动机部件技术综述

综述了CFM56系列大涵道比发动机在风扇叶片、防冰、吞水、燃烧室、尾喷管方面所采用的结构技术。     

飞机结冰探测器安装位置研究

基于飞机结冰探测器安装要求,通过三维数值仿真,模拟了机头表面流场和水滴撞击特性.通过标定水滴遮蔽区和浓度增加区引入危险位置点的概念,对结冰探测器的安装位置进行了分析,模拟了安装位置处结冰探测器探头表面和飞机主要迎风部件表面的水滴收集特性和结冰特性,并进行对比分析.分析结果表明探头表面的最大收集系数、结冰强度和结冰程度等...     

内融冰盘管动态蓄冰特性数值模拟与实验研究

采用焓法建立了管外结冰过程的二维动态数学模型,数值模拟了冰层沿换热管径向及长度方向的动态生长规律,并在此基础上分析了载冷剂进口温度、流量变化和不同结冰时间等对冰层动态生长及蓄冷特性的影响,并进行了实验验证。实验结果表明:在结冰初期的2 h内冰层厚度及动态蓄冷量数值模拟结果与实验数据误差较大,而在蓄冰过程结束时二者吻合较好,误差在10%以内;沿载冷剂流动方向冰层厚度逐渐减小,数值模拟与实验结果基本吻合。数值模拟结果与实验数据基本相符,验证了建立的数学模型的合理性。     

基于改进A*算法的UUV冰下避障航迹规划算法

针对冰下避障航迹规划问题,提出了一种基于改进A*算法的三维冰下避障航迹规划算法.不同于传统的A*航迹规划算法,该算法结合了人工势场航迹规划算法的思想,将水下地形碰撞约束、海冰碰撞约束以及UUV巡航高度约束重新编排.算法分析表明,该避障航迹规划算法能够有效增强UUV冰下避障能力与定深巡航高度控制能力.基于改进的A*冰下避障航迹规划算法,给出了上述约束的设计方法并进行了仿真验证.仿真结果表明,基于上述约束的航迹规划算法具有良好的避障能力、巡航高度控制能力以及航行距离控制能力.     

Improving aircraft aerodynamic performance with bionic wing obtained by ice shape modulation

For Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with limited electrical power to achieve effectively anti-/de-icing at the leading edge of the wing, a strategy of ice shape modulation was proposed. Isolated simulated ice shape pieces printed by 3D printing technology are mounted on a NACA0012 finite wing model, and its lift/drag coefficients and suction-side velocity fields are measured by the six-component force balance and the Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV), respectively. The ratio of the spanwise length of a single ice shape piece to chord length and the spanwise length of the non-icing area between the two adjacent single ice shape pieces are defined as dimensionless ice shape length (w/c) and dimensionless modulation ratio (w/λ), respectively. The results indicate that for a fixed w/λ, the wing lift coefficient first increases and then drops with increasing w/c, and a peak value exists when w/c is between 0.1 and 0.2. The lower the w/λ is, the higher the wing lift coefficient will be. The periodical variation of the flow separation area along the spanwise direction is attributed on the one hand to the acceleration effect of the flow field in the non-icing area which reduces the separation area, and on the other hand to the cross-flow caused by the streamwise vortices from the non-icing area to the icing area which promotes the mixing of the flow field (similar to vortex generators). The obtained modulation law is verified through flight tests and provides guidance for the use of ice shape modulation scheme for UAVs that cannot be completely anti-/de-icing under severe weather conditions.     

冰晶粒子运动过程中的相变特性

针对冰晶在温暖环境下运动时固液汽耦合的相变现象，基于欧拉法建立了冰晶粒子的运动相变模型和计算方法。计算了冰晶粒子在强迫对流环境下的融化相变过程，与实验结果对比验证了运动相变模型和计算方法的准确性。针对NACA0012翼型计算了冰晶绕流运动时的热力学特性，得到了冰晶粒子到达撞击表面时的融化状态与收集系数。研究了冰晶粒径大小、初始球形度、气流相对湿度和温度对运动相变的影响。结果表明：冰晶粒子运动相变模型可以有效地评估冰晶结冰风险，冰晶粒子的融化速率主要取决于粒子直径、球形度、气流温度、湿度等因素，环境温度为288 K时冰晶粒子的融化时间为27.5 s，而相同条件下环境温度为302 K时的融化时间仅有5.2 s。