薄壁零件高速铣削动态切削力

通过微元铣削力与瞬时未变形切屑厚度之间的线性关系,提出了螺旋圆柱铣刀的瞬时切削力模型.在此基础上,采用两自由度弹性-阻尼系统,建立了适合薄壁零件的综合考虑刀具子系统和工件子系统动态特性的动态铣削力模型.最后通过实际测量数据与模型计算数据的对比,验证了提出的动态铣削力模型的有效性.     

电火花诱导可控烧蚀放电铣削实验研究

提出了一种电火花诱导可控烧蚀放电铣削加工方法,在中空管状电极中间歇通入氧气,在氧气通入阶段电火花引燃金属,利用金属燃烧产生的化学能进行烧蚀加工,氧气关闭阶段进行常规电火花铣削修整,保证表面加工质量与精度。通过实验研究了极性、脉冲宽度、脉冲间隔、低压电流、氧气压力和供氧间隔等工艺规准对电火花诱导可控烧蚀放电铣削加工材料蚀除率和电极相对损耗率的影响。结果表明:该加工方式适合采用正极性加工;电极相对损耗率保持较低的水平;进行粗加工时,应适当增加氧气通入时间,以增加材料蚀除率;进行精整加工时,则应减少氧气通入时间,增加电火花放电时间,以提高表面质量与精度。     

通过铣削力或铣削扭矩监测铣刀破损的研究

为了通过铣削力或铣削扭矩波形的不均匀程度来识别铣刀是否发生破损,提出了两类识别方法。一类是计算齿周期峰值变化率;一类是计算相对最大切削厚度的偏心率。两类算法均简单、可靠,可用于各种铣削加工过程的铣刀破损监测。     

闭式整体叶盘插铣加工方法研究

针对闭式整体叶盘的结构特点提出了一种基于路径规划的对接分层插铣加工方法.首先依据插铣加工方式对比实验优选顺插加工方式,其次划分了叶盘通道的对接加工区域和分层插铣区域,然后给出了插铣轨迹的最佳逼近直线计算方法,最后给出了闭式整体叶盘的对接分层插铣加工路径.     

Cutting tool temperature prediction method using analytical model for end milling

Dramatic tool temperature variation in end milling can cause excessive tool wear and shorten its life, especially in machining of difficult-to-machine materials. In this study, a new analyt-ical model-based method for the prediction of cutting tool temperature in end milling is presented. The cutting cycle is divided into temperature increase and decrease phases. For the temperature increase phase, a temperature prediction model considering real friction state between the chip and tool is proposed, and the heat flux and tool-chip contact length are then obtained through finite element simulation. In the temperature decrease phase, a temperature decrease model based on the one-dimension plate heat convection is proposed. A single wire thermocouple is employed to mea-sure the tool temperature in the conducted milling experiments. Both of the theoretical and experi-mental results are obtained with cutting conditions of the cutting speed ranging from 60 m/min to 100 m/min, feed per tooth from 0.12 mm/z to 0.20 mm/z, and the radial and axial depth of cut respec-tively being 4 mm and 0.5 mm. The comparison results show high agreement between the physical cutting experiments and the proposed cutting tool temperature prediction method.     

Four-axis trochoidal toolpath planning for rough milling of aero-engine blisks

The Blade Integrated Disk (Blisk) is one of the key components in the aero-engine, it is generally manufactured by the multi-axis milling and almost 90% raw materials are removed. To avoid the full immersion of a cutter in the rough machining of a blisk channel, the trochoidal milling is a promising strategy since it can keep a small immersion angle in the rough milling process while maintaining the high machining efficiency. However, while toolpaths are being planned for the trochoidal milling process, the conventional methods are mainly for the planar machining area with fixed tool orientations, which cannot be used for complex channels where the multi-axis machining should be employed. To this end, this paper presents a four-axis trochoidal toolpath planning method with a ball-end cutter, and thus the blisk channel can be machined efficiently. For this to happen, the trochoidal paths are planned in the parametric domain and then mapped into the physical domain, with tool orientations controlled by the quaternion interpolation method to have smooth tool movement along the toolpaths. Both geometric simulation and physical milling experiments of the proposed method have convincingly demonstrated the validation of the proposed method.     

三元流叶轮的电弧铣削与机械铣削组合加工

首先介绍了一种实现电弧与铣削组合的加工方法及装备。其次,为验证电弧加工在航空部件生产方面的能力及其对后续精加工工艺的友好性,利用自研的高速电弧放电与机械铣削组合加工专用机床,以具有复杂曲面特征的三元流叶轮样件为例进行五轴电弧铣削与机械铣削组合加工试验研究。结果表明,合理安排电弧加工工序,可以在实现材料高效去除的同时,取得较优的表面质量,电弧铣削中最大材料去除率达14500mm^3/min,小能量电弧加工完成后的样件表面粗糙度R_a为12.5μm,硬度为69.4HRB,较基体硬度未有明显变化,可以很好地适应切削加工要求。后续机械铣削加工过程中,刀具磨损小、加工状态稳定,最终获得粗糙度R_a1.2μm的加工表面,且由于切削余量小,有效抑制了加工变形,样件加工结果达到设计要求,充分展现了该组合加工工艺应用于具有复杂形貌特征的航空发动机零部件制造方面的可行性。     

缓燃向爆震转捩过程中火焰和压力波发展规律试验

为了解缓燃向爆震转捩(DDT)过程,在60mm×60mm,长2m的方形爆震管内,利用高速摄影和高频压力传感器试验研究了4种余气系数下氢气/空气混合气燃烧时的火焰和压力波演变规律.结果表明:缓燃向爆震转捩经历了缓燃、爆燃、在壁面产生热点、形成爆震中心和稳定爆震5个阶段,缓燃、爆燃和爆震的火焰传播速度分别为0～15m/s,500～1000m/s和1800～2000m/s.压力传感器获得的时序图和对应峰值压力的变化规律也验证了上述过程:在压力传感器测试区间(850～1200mm)内,压力峰值从1.5MPa先跃升到7MPa上下,然后下降稳定在2～3MPa.据压力时序图算得的爆震波传播速度与高速摄影获得的火焰传播速度一致.      

高铁弓网电弧对飞机进近着陆的电磁干扰影响

为了研究高铁弓网离线电弧对飞机进近着陆的电磁干扰（EMI）影响,选取高速铁路弓网离线现象发生频繁的电分相处,对高速铁路列车发生弓网离线电弧时的电磁辐射强度进行了实际测试。根据电波传播理论和GB 6364-2013的相关要求,数值计算得到了高铁下穿角、电分相位置以及飞机着陆高度对机载接收信号的影响规律：机载接收信号信干比（SIR）随着高铁下穿角增大逐渐增大;电分相距离机场跑道口越近机载接收信号的信干比越小;随着飞机进近着陆高度的减小,机载接收信号信干比先减小后增大。以高速铁路45°角下穿机场跑道中心时,以飞机受干扰最强的位置分析了弓网离线电弧电磁干扰对仪表着陆系统（ILS）信标台的影响：飞机接收到的航向信标台信号信干比为12.92 dB,小于GB 6364-2013规定最小20 dB的防护率要求;下滑信标台信号信干比为29.08 dB,符合国标要求;指点信标台信号信干比为16.64 dB,小于国标规定的最低23 dB的防护率要求。本文研究为民航与高速铁路的电磁兼容性研究提供了理论依据和技术方法,可以为机场选址和高速铁路选线规划提供支持。     

基于中轴变换的型腔高速铣削刀具轨迹生成方法

框、梁、壁板、蒙皮等飞机关键零部件中包含大量型腔特征,其加工效率直接影响零件的整体加工效率。高速铣削机床的发展为此类零件的高效加工奠定了很好的硬件基础,也给型腔铣削刀具轨迹生成带来了新的问题。例如蒙皮镜像铣由于其特殊的设计,对刀具轨迹提出平滑无抬刀、步距变化严格控制在一定范围内等更严苛的要求,从而保证蒙皮高质量加工。结构件高速加工中为了保持刀具的高进给和高转速,也要求刀具轨迹平滑且步距平稳变化。然而现有的型腔铣削刀轨生成方法大多基于局部优化解决加工残余和刀轨不平滑问题,难以生成同时满足多工艺约束尤其是步距约束的刀具轨迹,无法完全发挥高速机床的性能。针对此问题,本文提出基于中轴变换的型腔高速铣削刀具轨迹生成及优化方法。该方法首先基于中轴变换提取型腔骨架线,并进一步修正从而生成刀轨偏置基准和初始刀轨。其次利用图像变形算法对初始刀轨进行迭代变形优化,使最终优化刀轨与目标型腔区域吻合,且满足高速加工的工艺约束条件。该方法在离散的图像域内从整体角度优化刀具轨迹,不仅保证轨迹平滑无抬刀,还能保证步距在容许范围内平稳变化。实验证明本文提出的方法在保证轨迹平滑和步距平稳变化等方面的有效性,能够满足高性能加工的要求。