Synthesis of Iron-containing Carbon Microparticles from Deoiled Asphalt and Ferrocene

The deoiled asphalt as the carbon source and the ferrocene as the metal source and the catalyst precursor were chosen to synthe-size iron-containing carbon microparticles through co-carbonization at the temperature of about 450 ℃ for 3 h. The resulting products were treated at 2 000 ℃ for 2 h. All samples were examined by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the iron particles in the heat-treated material are completely coated by carbon. In addition to the fully filled carbon microparticles as well as hollow carbon ones, also form carbon fibers with hollow centers. The formation mechanism of the as-prepared products was discussed briefly.     

计量用高精度电脑控温仪的研制

高精度电脑控温仪是计量等行业急需的一种仪表,本文介绍了在研制高精度电脑控温仪过程中所解决的主要技术问题.该控温仪采用了单片机技术以及高精度测温、温度预测、与模糊控制理论相结台的特殊PID控制等多个独特的技术措施,在恒温槽上实现了±0.01℃的控制精度.该项目已通过部级鉴定并在生产中应用.     

Data Grids and High Energy Physics: A Melbourne Perspective

The University of Melbourne, Experimental Particle Physics group recognises that the future of computing is an important issue for the scientific community. It is in the nature of research for the questions posed to become more complex, requiring larger computing resources for each generation of experiment. As institutes and universities around the world increasingly pool their resources and work together to solve these questions, the need arises for more sophisticated computing techniques. One such technique, grid computing, is under investigation by many institutes across many disciplines and is the focus of much development in the computing community. ‘The Grid’, as it is commonly named, is heralded as the future of computing for research, education, and industry alike. This paper will introduce the basic concepts of grid technologies including the Globus toolkit and data grids as of July 2002. It will highlight the challenges faced in developing appropriate resource brokers and schedulers, and will look at the future of grids within high energy physics. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

AN INVESTIGATION OF CHEMICAL SHORT CRACK CHARACTERISTICS IN GC－4 HIGH－STRENGTH STEEL

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Signature of the 11-Year Cycle in the Upper Atmosphere

In the last 45 years I have studied the thermal structure of the atmosphere from the thermosphere down to the stratosphere, and found evidence of its variability in relationship with the change of solar irradiation during the 11-year solar cycle. I would review, in the light of recent model results, the measurements which I had made since the 1960s and which, for some of them, did not find any explanation at the time of their publication. The data were obtained by two different techniques, rockets and lidars and correspond to different regions of the atmosphere from the upper thermosphere to the stratosphere. The expectation was until recently that the atmosphere should be warmed by an increase of solar flux in the course of the solar cycle due to the increase of UV flux. It has been shown to be the case in the tropical stratosphere and at all latitudes in the upper thermosphere. But, at high and mid latitudes and at other altitudes, the reverse situation was found to exist and, until recently, this cooling observed in parts of the atmosphere with increasing solar flux had never been simulated by models. In addition to reviewing our own data, the paper will present recent results using other dataset which support our observations. It is only recently that we succeeded with a model able to tune the forcing by planetary waves at the tropopause level and thus reproduce such behaviour.     

地面静电加速度计的位移检测电路设计

高精度静电悬浮加速度计可作为海空重力测量仪器中的核心传感器,检验质量的位移检测电路是加速度计控制系统的核心,其精度直接影响了加速度计零偏和标度因数的稳定性,因此需要研究分辨率高、噪声小的位移检测系统。针对高精度静电悬浮加速度计的地面应用需求,以大表面积质量比的敏感探头结构为测量对象,设计了基于差动电容的位移检测电路,建立了电容检测电路的数学模型,对电路误差源进行了系统分析。实验结果表明,该电路能够有效地抑制悬浮高压引入的耦合误差,减小电路噪声。当电路工作在零点附近,20kHz内的噪声小于2×10-6V/Hz1/2,对应电容检测分辨率为2.93×10-5pF/Hz1/2,能够满足地面应用静电加速度计对位移测量精度的要求。     

高速直升机旋翼/螺旋桨/机身干扰特性分析

研究双拉力螺旋桨复合式高速直升机的气动特性可以为高速直升机的设计及气动优化提供参考。基 于动量源方法构建针对双拉力螺旋桨复合式高速直升机旋翼/螺旋桨/机身干扰特性数值计算及分析方法;对 孤立旋翼、旋翼/机身干扰进行算例验证;应用所构建的方法对双拉力螺旋桨高速复合式直升机悬停及前飞状 态的干扰流场进行数值模拟,分析机身对悬停流场影响及不同前飞速度旋翼/螺旋桨/机身干扰特性。结果表 明:悬停时机身对气流的阻塞作用降低了旋翼的升力,螺旋桨对旋翼下洗气流的加速作用使旋翼升力提高;低 速前飞时旋翼/螺旋桨/机身干扰较大,主要体现在旋翼下洗流造成螺旋桨滑流偏折以及机翼上表面压力分布 增大,高速前飞时这种干扰较小。     

航空活塞发动机机体疲劳优化设计方法

机体可靠性差是航空活塞发动机适航取证过程中的技术难题。以某型发动机下机体为研究对象,通 过模型仿真得到机体的瞬态载荷曲线并进行拟合,按实际安装对其进行约束,采用 Goodman方法进行高周疲 劳分析,计算机体疲劳安全系数;提出一种分离式主轴盖的设计方法,优化下机体结构,在相同载荷的条件进行 对比分析;采用威布尔数学模型对机体可靠性指标进行计算验证,并对优化后的机体进行耐久测试。结果表 明:下机体疲劳安全系数、整机寿命、可靠性大幅提升,该设计方法对提高类似结构可靠性有一定的借鉴意义。     

基于双螺旋桨推进的复合式直升机飞行性能

为研究螺旋桨和机翼对双螺旋桨推进构型复合式直升机的飞行性能影响,在已有的直升机飞行性能模型基础上耦合螺旋桨和机翼气动模型,建立了该型复合式直升机配平模型。以X-3构型直升机为样例,通过加装螺旋桨和机翼组成不同的配置,给出了直升机各操纵量和姿态角的变化,并通过控制气动部件为复合式直升机提供推力和升力的不同配比,分析直升机的需用功率和升阻比变化。结果表明:机翼对复合式直升机升阻比的提升较为明显,且能有效减小总距和横向周期变距;前飞速度大于一定速度后,螺旋桨对复合式直升机需用功率的降低和对升阻比的提高才开始显现;同时配置螺旋桨和机翼,并合理分配推力和升力,可有效降低整机的需用功率,进而提升复合式直升机飞行性能。     

高速热流下薄壁结构声振响应分析及寿命预估

现代飞行器飞行过程中发动机薄壁结构受高速热流冲击面临着极为严酷的工作环境,使结构产生大挠度动力学响应以及疲劳损伤破坏现象。为获取难以实测的热流冲击下结构声振响应规律及疲劳破坏时间,采用耦合有限元/边界元的方法进行数值模拟分析与热声疲劳试验相结合的方法,根据载荷效果构建与试验件尺寸完全一致的数值仿真模型,对热声载荷下薄壁结构进行仿真计算。采用功率谱密度（PSD）法分析频率响应峰值随声载荷变化规律,并通过改进的雨流计数法对声振响应数据进行统计分析,得到疲劳寿命时间。并对比声振响应仿真计算结果与试验结果发现误差小于2%,验证了数值仿真的可靠性。在此基础上,对高速热流冲击作用下薄壁结构进行数值仿真分析,通过分析频率响应峰值随温度和流速的变化规律获取不同温度各流速下结构声振响应及疲劳寿命变化规律,并阐述造成这种变化的原因。本文完成的工作可对高速热流环境下薄壁结构响应分析和寿命预估提供参考依据。