Data Grids and High Energy Physics: A Melbourne Perspective

The University of Melbourne, Experimental Particle Physics group recognises that the future of computing is an important issue for the scientific community. It is in the nature of research for the questions posed to become more complex, requiring larger computing resources for each generation of experiment. As institutes and universities around the world increasingly pool their resources and work together to solve these questions, the need arises for more sophisticated computing techniques. One such technique, grid computing, is under investigation by many institutes across many disciplines and is the focus of much development in the computing community. ‘The Grid’, as it is commonly named, is heralded as the future of computing for research, education, and industry alike. This paper will introduce the basic concepts of grid technologies including the Globus toolkit and data grids as of July 2002. It will highlight the challenges faced in developing appropriate resource brokers and schedulers, and will look at the future of grids within high energy physics. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

AN INVESTIGATION OF CHEMICAL SHORT CRACK CHARACTERISTICS IN GC－4 HIGH－STRENGTH STEEL

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Signature of the 11-Year Cycle in the Upper Atmosphere

In the last 45 years I have studied the thermal structure of the atmosphere from the thermosphere down to the stratosphere, and found evidence of its variability in relationship with the change of solar irradiation during the 11-year solar cycle. I would review, in the light of recent model results, the measurements which I had made since the 1960s and which, for some of them, did not find any explanation at the time of their publication. The data were obtained by two different techniques, rockets and lidars and correspond to different regions of the atmosphere from the upper thermosphere to the stratosphere. The expectation was until recently that the atmosphere should be warmed by an increase of solar flux in the course of the solar cycle due to the increase of UV flux. It has been shown to be the case in the tropical stratosphere and at all latitudes in the upper thermosphere. But, at high and mid latitudes and at other altitudes, the reverse situation was found to exist and, until recently, this cooling observed in parts of the atmosphere with increasing solar flux had never been simulated by models. In addition to reviewing our own data, the paper will present recent results using other dataset which support our observations. It is only recently that we succeeded with a model able to tune the forcing by planetary waves at the tropopause level and thus reproduce such behaviour.     

某涡轴发动机减速器中间齿轮的设计改进

介绍了由第一级从动齿轮和第二级主动齿轮共轴组成的中间齿轮，由于电子束焊接后，影响已精加工好的小轮（33齿）齿形、齿向，使产品的报废率增高。通过设计改进、改变局部结构及焊缝位置，解决了多年来未解决的工艺难题，通过试验证明，改进结构后的电子吵焊接对小轮的齿形、齿向几乎没有影响。使产品质量明显提高。     

飞行中飞机加油门后的动态特点分析

主要对飞机单纯加油门后的运动规律做了定量的理论计算，对定长周期运动进行了一定物分析，得出了飞机在小速度时加油后有三种可能的状态，即收敛、发散和中立稳定。并指出飞机加油门后的增速状态是暂时的，一般民政部下增速之后，是一个高度与速度相互转化的振荡过程。同时还指出低空小速度时，在加油门后暂时的增速过程中靠拉杆争取高度是不安全的。     

高速铣削SiC_p/Al复合材料PCD刀具磨损研究

通过3种不同几何结构的PCD刀具高速铣削65%体积分数的Si C_p/Al(Al/Si C/65p)复合材料的对比试验,建立了磨损曲线,并对PCD刀具的磨损形貌、磨损类型及原因进行了研究和分析。研究结果表明,刀片之间留有间隙能有效减少磨损,提高刀具使用寿命,小螺旋角的存在会加速磨损;PCD刀具主要磨损形式是机械磨损(磨粒磨损)。     

某型发动机高空小表速转速摆动问题分析

为了解决某型发动机研制过程中出现的高空小表速转速摆动问题,对发动机转速控制原理开展深入分析,利用AMESIM工具软件建立发动机转速控制数学模型,并对转速控制通道进行仿真对比分析,确定了通道参数对转速控制影响量值,通过对比同系列发动机控制参数,提出在现有系统构架基础上,对低压转子转速控制通道进行分段控制改进措施,经半物理试验、高空台模拟试验和试飞验证表明,改进措施既能保证发动机地面加速性要求,又解决了高空小表速转速摆动问题。     

地面静电加速度计的位移检测电路设计

高精度静电悬浮加速度计可作为海空重力测量仪器中的核心传感器,检验质量的位移检测电路是加速度计控制系统的核心,其精度直接影响了加速度计零偏和标度因数的稳定性,因此需要研究分辨率高、噪声小的位移检测系统。针对高精度静电悬浮加速度计的地面应用需求,以大表面积质量比的敏感探头结构为测量对象,设计了基于差动电容的位移检测电路,建立了电容检测电路的数学模型,对电路误差源进行了系统分析。实验结果表明,该电路能够有效地抑制悬浮高压引入的耦合误差,减小电路噪声。当电路工作在零点附近,20kHz内的噪声小于2×10-6V/Hz1/2,对应电容检测分辨率为2.93×10-5pF/Hz1/2,能够满足地面应用静电加速度计对位移测量精度的要求。     

高速直升机旋翼/螺旋桨/机身干扰特性分析

研究双拉力螺旋桨复合式高速直升机的气动特性可以为高速直升机的设计及气动优化提供参考。基 于动量源方法构建针对双拉力螺旋桨复合式高速直升机旋翼/螺旋桨/机身干扰特性数值计算及分析方法;对 孤立旋翼、旋翼/机身干扰进行算例验证;应用所构建的方法对双拉力螺旋桨高速复合式直升机悬停及前飞状 态的干扰流场进行数值模拟,分析机身对悬停流场影响及不同前飞速度旋翼/螺旋桨/机身干扰特性。结果表 明:悬停时机身对气流的阻塞作用降低了旋翼的升力,螺旋桨对旋翼下洗气流的加速作用使旋翼升力提高;低 速前飞时旋翼/螺旋桨/机身干扰较大,主要体现在旋翼下洗流造成螺旋桨滑流偏折以及机翼上表面压力分布 增大,高速前飞时这种干扰较小。     

航空活塞发动机机体疲劳优化设计方法

机体可靠性差是航空活塞发动机适航取证过程中的技术难题。以某型发动机下机体为研究对象,通 过模型仿真得到机体的瞬态载荷曲线并进行拟合,按实际安装对其进行约束,采用 Goodman方法进行高周疲 劳分析,计算机体疲劳安全系数;提出一种分离式主轴盖的设计方法,优化下机体结构,在相同载荷的条件进行 对比分析;采用威布尔数学模型对机体可靠性指标进行计算验证,并对优化后的机体进行耐久测试。结果表 明:下机体疲劳安全系数、整机寿命、可靠性大幅提升,该设计方法对提高类似结构可靠性有一定的借鉴意义。