航空发动机PI控制参数频域最优整定方法

针对航空发动机高、低压转速和压比的控制回路,研究满足幅值裕度和相角裕度要求的比例-积分(PI)控制参数稳定域确定方法.根据系统在频域的稳定域解析模型,建立考虑PI控制器的系统参数频域稳定域图形.根据典型的动态性能指标和鲁棒性指标定义的优化目标函数,在所得到的控制参数稳定域中寻找到一组最优的PI控制参数.该方法应用于航空发动机高、低压转速和压比回路控制器参数设计中,设计了不同状态下的PI控制器,仿真结果表明,这种整定方法能够使闭环系统满足性能指标和鲁棒性.      

Predicting atmospheric delays for rapid ambiguity resolution in precise point positioning

Integer ambiguity resolution in precise point positioning (PPP) can shorten the initialization and re-initialization time, and ambiguity-fixed PPP solutions are also more reliable and accurate than ambiguity-float PPP solutions. However, signal interruptions are unavoidable in practical applications, particularly while operating in urban areas. Such signal interruptions can cause discontinuity of carrier phase arc, which introduces new integer ambiguities. Usually it will take approximately 15 min of continuous tracking to a reasonable number of satellites to fix new integer ambiguities. In many applications, it is impractical for a PPP user to wait for such a long time for the re-initialization. In this paper, a method for rapid ambiguity fixing in PPP is developed to avoid such a long re-initialization time. Firstly, the atmospheric delays were estimated epoch by epoch from ambiguity-fixed PPP solutions before the data gap or cycle slip occurs. A random walk procedure is then applied to predict the atmospheric delays accurately over a short time span. The predicted atmospheric delays then can be used to correct the observations which suffer from signal interruptions. Finally, the new ambiguities can be fixed with a distinct WL-LX-L3 (here LX denotes either of L1, L2) cascade ambiguity resolution strategy. Comprehensive experiments have demonstrated that the proposed method and strategy can fix zero-difference integer ambiguities successfully with only a single-epoch observation immediately after a short data gap. This technique works even when all satellites are interrupted at the same time. The duration of data gap bridged by this technique could be possibly extended if a more precise atmospheric delay prediction is found or on-the-fly (OTF) technology is applied. Based on the proposed method, real-time PPP with integer ambiguity fixing becomes more feasible in practice.     

GNSS carrier phase ambiguity resolution based on integrity restriction in ambiguity domain

Carrier phase ambiguity resolution of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is a key technology for high-precision navigation and positioning, and it is a challenge for applications which require both high accuracy and high integrity. This paper proposes efficient ambiguity resolution methods based on integrity restriction using Fixed Failure rate Ratio Test (FF-RT) and Doubly Non-central F-distribution Ratio Test (DNF-RT), and derives the related processing models and numerical algorithms compared with the traditional Ratio Test (RT) method. Firstly, the integer ambiguity resolution and validation procedures, especially the Least squares AMBiguity Decorrelation Adjustment (LAMBDA) estimation and RT validation are analyzed. Then the quality evaluation using success rate, the FF-RT method using Integer Aperture (IA) estimation and the NDF-RT method are proposed. Lastly, the simulation and analysis for LAMBDA using RT, FF-RT and DNF-RT methods are performed. Simulation results show that in case of unbiased scenario FF-RT and DNF-RT have similar performances, which are significantly better than RT. In case of biased scenario it is difficult for FF-RT to predict the biased success rate thus it should not be used for bias detection, while DNF-RT can detect biases in most cases except for the biases are approximate or equal to integer, which has the important benefit for early detection of potential threat to the position solution.     

基于属性散射中心模型的SAR超分辨成像算法

基于属性散射中心模型,提出一种稳健而快速的SAR超分辨成像算法,在超分辨的同时能够考虑到目标的整体结构。首先利用改进的正交匹配追踪算法（OMP）对简化的属性散射中心模型进行参数估计,然后基于估计的模型参数在信号重构时进行二维频谱外推实现SAR超分辨成像。该算法具有较高的运算效率,相对于传统基于点散射模型超分辨算法,能够有效解决部件不连续的问题,并且初始指向角的利用可以取得良好的聚焦效果。仿真实验验证了该算法的优越性。     

高固含量改性双基推进剂的烤燃试验研究

采用非限定烤燃试验,测定了高固含量改性双基推进剂药柱的热爆炸临界温度,讨论了固含量与临界温度的关系及临界温度的尺度效应;通过高压热分解研究,获得了高固体含量推进剂热分解反应非等温动力学参数,探讨了固含量对临界温度的影响机理。结果表明,固含量由0％增加至50％,热爆炸临界温度由134．5℃上升到156．1℃,3 MPa压力下第一热分解峰温由201．8℃上升到206．2℃（β＝10℃／min）,表明热稳定性增加;长径比为1的GLX?4药柱临界温度与直径的对数呈线性关系。此外,随着固含量升高,热分解活化能由161．0 kJ／mol升高到181．9 kJ／mol,揭示了烤燃试验热获得的爆炸临界温度升高这一现象的高压热分解动力学理论依据。     

高能量密度材料(HEDM)研究开发现状及展望

综述了高能量密度材料计划的由来和目标、计算机辅助分子设计在研究开发中的作用,分张力环和笼形化合物、氮杂环化合物、无环化合物、氮簇和氧簇分子、激发态材料5大类讨论了它们实现高能的机理和研究开发现状,运用国外量子化学研究成果说明了它们结构和稳定性,提出未来将按三个层次,即近、中、远三阶段发展的学术观点,分析了各阶段研究重点、关键技术和开发前景.     

一种使用RBF网络的自适应滑模控制器

针对实际系统易受未知非线性、外界干扰和参数摄动等不确定因素影响的问题,以高精度模拟转台为例,采用一种基于RBF(Radial Basis Function)网络的自适应滑模控制器.控制器由名义反馈控制器和滑模干扰补偿器两个子系统组成.反馈控制器通过极点配置的方法实现,用来稳定名义系统.干扰补偿器使用一个自适应RBF网络在线辨识不确定性的上界值.计算机仿真结果表明了该法的鲁棒性和有效性.     

大功率同轴谐振器连接缝隙EML和PIM研究

在大功率工作环境中,射频电路经常发生电磁泄漏(ElectroMagneticLeak,EML)和无源互调(PassiveInter Modulation,PIM)等现象。而在同轴谐振器中,不稳定连接缝隙处成为增加电磁泄漏EML和PIM问题风险的隐患部位。文章通过对同轴谐振器等效电路建模和电磁场建模给出了缝隙位置与电磁场表面电流的关系,并分析了3种不同结构同轴谐振腔EML特性。结果表明通过微调连接缝隙,使其有效偏离同轴谐振器的电流波幅点位置,可以降低大功率同轴谐振器的连接泄漏,从而减小无源互调的风险。依据分析结果选取了3种同轴结构(单螺钉连接、法兰内连接、法兰外连接)中连接泄露最小的结构作为大功率器件的基本结构,小批量器件在大功率测试和试验中无EML和PIM现象。     

基于HLA的载人航天器飞行任务仿真平台研究与实现

面向载人航天器飞行任务仿真需求,根据载人航天器的特点以及高层体系结构(HLA)技术,提出了基于高层体系结构的载人航天器飞行任务仿真平台方案,设计实现了由运行管理、飞行指令、数据记录、数据可视化等功能,以及涵盖轨道、姿态、能源、动力学等多个专业仿真模型组成的仿真平台,给出了应用实例,并就仿真平台开发中的联邦开发过程、仿真模型接口软件、飞行场景三维可视化等关键部分进行了探讨。与单一的飞行任务仿真软件相比,该分布式仿真平台覆盖的专业面更全,验证内容更丰富,可扩展性更强。随着载人航天器系统飞行任务复杂程度的提高,通过对仿真平台的扩展和重用,可适应新的任务验证需求。该仿真平台可为复杂载人航天器的飞行任务设计验证提供依据,并对基于HLA的其他航天器仿真系统的联邦设计与开发具有一定的参考价值。     

1700℃有氧环境下高超声速飞行器轻质防热材料隔热性能试验研究

文章针对高超声速飞行器需面临极端高温有氧热环境以及舱体表面单侧面受热的特点,建立了由硅钼发热体作为热源的红外辐射式超高温、时变、单侧面加热试验测试系统,开展了高达1700℃的有氧环境下高超声速飞行器轻质防热材料的隔热性能试验。另外,为了研究和优选高效隔热方式,对高超声速飞行器用单层轻质陶瓷隔热材料和陶瓷/纳米材料叠层复合结构在1700℃高温有氧环境下的隔热特性进行了试验测试;通过试验结果的对比分析,发现陶瓷/纳米材料复合叠层结构比单层轻质陶瓷材料的隔热效果提高近50%。