Towards a cooperation between the arts,space science research and the European Space Agency – Preliminary findings of the ESA Topical Team Arts and Sciences (ETTAS)

The arts offer alternative insights into reality, which are explored by science in general, and broadened by the activities conducted by the European Space Agency [4] and other space agencies. Similar to the way the members of ESA are ambassadors for spaceflight and science, artists and cultural professionals are ambassadors for human expression, experimentation, and exploration. In June 2011, the ESA Topical Team Arts and Sciences (ETTAS) held a three-day workshop at the European Astronaut Centre in Cologne, Germany. During this workshop, topics and ideas were discussed to develop initiatives between the arts, sciences and ESA. The aim was to foster and expand the human and cultural aspects of space exploration, and at the same time offer a means of communication that aims to reach audiences beyond the scope of traditional space-related channels. The consensus of the team was that establishing and sustaining a transdisciplinary professional community consisting of ESA representatives, scientists and artists would fuel knowledge transfer, and mutual inspiration. Potential ways to provide a sustainable cooperation within and between the various groups were discussed. We present the preliminary findings including a number of measures and mechanisms to initiate and conduct such an initiative. Plausible organisational measures, procedures and consequences, as well as a proposition on how to proceed are also discussed. Overall, the involvement and cooperation between the arts, space science research and ESA will enhance in the citizens of the ESA member states the sense of public ownership of ESA results, and participation in ESA?s research.     

某涡轮导向叶片换热实验与计算

针对某涡轮导向叶片,实验测量了光滑叶片表面的压力系数和速比系数,并使用瞬态液晶测量技术获得了叶片全表面传热系数分布.分别使用shear stress transport（SST）,k-ω,k-ε和renormalization group（RNG）k-ε四种湍流模型模拟了相同结构尺寸的叶栅通道内的流动与换热,并与实验结果进行对比.结果表明:压力面压力系数沿弧长方向逐渐下降,吸力面上压力系数先快速下降达到最小值后缓慢上升（出现逆压梯度）.叶栅通道和叶片表面附近气流流动结构的复杂性导致叶片表面传热系数分布较为复杂.4种湍流模型对压力系数和速比系数的计算结果相互差别不大,计算数据也比较接近实验值.关于叶片表面传热系数,SST模型计算结果分布规律与实验接近,而其他3种湍流模型都没有能模拟出吸力面边界层分离对换热的影响.      

Analysis of post-sunset F-region vertical plasma drifts during Counter Electrojet days using multi frequency HF Doppler Radar

In this paper, through a case study, an attempt has been made to bring out the relationship between post noon E-region electric field and post sunset F-region vertical plasma drift on quiet time Counter Electrojet (CEJ) days. Study carried out using the data from a multi frequency HF Doppler Radar and Digital Ionosonde located over Trivandrum (8.5° N; 77° E; 0.5° N dip lat.) a geomagnetic dip equatorial station in India during quite time CEJ days of the years 2004 and 2006, revealed some interesting aspects of the E region electrodynamics and post sunset F region electrodynamics. It has been observed that, in contrast to the normal electrojet (EEJ) days, the Pre-Reversal Enhancement (PRE) is either weakened or inhibited on CEJ days and the field reversal takes place much earlier than that on a normal day. It is suggested that even after the effects of the field reversal ceases to show up in the ground magnetic data, the reversed field may persist and shows up as a decrease in the PRE experienced by the F-region. In other words, the study indicates that the EEJ associated electrodynamics have a significant role in controlling the PRE.     

空间碳纤维壳结构导热增强方法试验研究

为提高空间碳纤维复合材料壳结构的导热能力,降低热控设计难度,并提高热控系统可靠性,设计了包含贴覆石墨高导热膜材料以及在外部包覆的多层隔热组件内增加高导热膜等在内的3种导热增强措施,分别按这3种方法制作了试件,并增加了对照组,进行了真空热试验。试验结果表明,贴覆石墨高导热膜材料的方法使碳纤维壳结构试件的当量导热系数增大了7倍,相较其他方法具有明显优势。若该方法与包覆含有高导热膜夹层的多层隔热组件的方法协同使用,可以取得更好的效果。     

火星车双向抽展式转移坡道展开原理及特性分析

我国首次火星探测任务将于2020年实施,一步实现"绕""着""巡"的目标。着陆器在火星表面软着陆后,火星车能否沿转移坡道安全转移至火星表面,关系着本次任务的成败。从火星车转移坡道功能要求出发,提出了一种双向抽展式转移坡道方案,解决了大展出比、驱动共用、可靠展开等关键问题,对其展开原理及力学特性进行分析,并开展了模拟火星重力环境的展开试验,为我国火星车转移坡道设计提供参考。     

空间充气薄膜衍射成像结构的热力耦合分析

随着空间光学技术的发展,衍射成像系统成为空间光学领域的研究热点。提出了一种充气薄膜衍射成像结构设计方案,针对其在空间热载荷作用下的热力耦合效应开展研究。建立了充气薄膜衍射成像结构的热力耦合顺序分析框架,基于I DEAS和ANSYS软件二次开发技术,实现了热力耦合数值分析,得到了结构在轨运行时的瞬态温度场、热应力、热变形等。分析结果表明,充气支撑结构产生了较大热变形,但最大热应力远小于聚酰亚胺薄膜材料的抗拉强度,而镜面中心处没有出现较大的热变形响应,为充气薄膜衍射成像结构的防热设计提供了技术支持。     

A robust semi-analytic method to solve the minimum ΔV two-impulse rendezvous problem

A novel semi-analytic approach is developed to determine the minimum $\mathrm{\Delta }V$ for a two-impulse rendezvous and validated both empirically and analytically. A previously published closed-form $\mathrm{\Delta }V$ estimate and the Lambert minimum energy transfer is used to establish upper and lower bounds of the minimum $\mathrm{\Delta }V$ transfer between two orbits. These bounds, in conjunction with the bisection method, operate on a nonlinear radical cost function to guarantee linear convergence. This approach has several real world applications including a low earth orbit (LEO) to highly elliptical orbit (HEO), and a HEO to retrograde geosynchronous orbit transfer. The minimum $\mathrm{\Delta }V$ estimates are better than those reported in the existing literature, while run times improved as much as two orders of magnitude over a fixed time Lambert solver. All singularity cases were addressed such that any orbital geometry, including Hohmann and radial elliptic transfers, converged to the global minimum $\mathrm{\Delta }V$. This approach will work for both coplanar and non-coplanar 3D geometries for any orbit type.     

燃气源控制气流非稳态耦合传热问题研究(Ⅰ)--计算模型和方法

针对某燃气源控制气流与导热套环之间的非稳态耦合传热问题,建立了数学模型,并采用整体求解的方法进行求解,即把流体区域的流动和对流换热与固体区域的导热过程组合起来,作为一个统一换热过程来处理。为确保计算结果在物理上的真实性,采用“假密度”法求解以温度T为求解变量的能量方程。对于非稳态控制方程离散后的离散方程采用了PISO方法进行求解。     

超（近）临界压力航空煤油RP-3的拟过冷沸腾传热特性

为了研究吸热型碳氢燃料在新型飞行器中的再生冷却性能,采用电加热方式,在热流密度0.1-1.0MW/m2和质量流速500-1000kg/m2s条件下,小通道圆管内（D=1.6mm）研究了超（近）临界压力下（P=3MPa）航空煤油RP-3的拟沸腾流动传热特性。研究发现了超（近）临界压力航空煤油的拟过冷沸腾传热现象。拟过冷沸腾壁温变化特征和传热恶化特征与亚临界压力下的相应特征存在差异。超临界压力航空煤油传热区域划分为类液态强制对流传热区、拟过冷沸腾区和类气态强制对流传热区。拟过冷沸腾壁温和传热系数随流体温度增加而缓慢增加,起到传热强化的作用;拟临界温度区域,存在传热系数极小值点,燃料发生传热弱化;燃料温度大于拟临界温度,燃料处于超临界类气态,传热大幅强化。